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. 2018 Oct 8;9:2324. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02324

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Copyright © 2018 Hossain, Ohsaki, Honda and Ueda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Induction of KSHV lytic replication by TPA and NaB treatment. The cells were treated with TPA (25 ng/mL) and NaB (0.6 mM) and incubated for 48 h. The collected cells were then stained with antibodies against the indicated specific proteins followed by an Alexa Fluor^® 488 conjugated IgG (green) and analyzed by a confocal microscope. Different panels show the staining of RTA (A), K8 (K-bZIP) (B), and ORF59 (C) with or without TPA/NaB treatment. The cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). The experiment was performed at least three times independently and one representative result is shown.