Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Group | Subject | Age range | Gender | Lesion side | Lesion locations | Stroke Type | Stroke onset (y) | FMA-UE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | 6 month | ||||||||
| RobotEEG_AO | S1 | 55–59 | M | R | Brainstem | I | 11 | 24 | 21 | 22 |
| S2 | 60–64 | M | L | PLIC, putamen | I | 11 | 22 | 24 | 24 | |
| S3 | 45–49 | M | R | MFG, SFG, precentral, supramarginal, SMA | I | 1 | 19 | 34 | 28 | |
| S4 | 65–69 | M | L | Insula, putamen, IFG, temporal pole | H | 8 | 22 | 27 | 32 | |
| S5 | 65–69 | M | R | Insula, ITG, IOG, putamen | H | 1 | 13 | 16 | 27 | |
| S6 | 45–49 | M | R | ITG, MTG, STG, MOG, angular, supramarginal | H | 0.67 | 17 | 25 | 25 | |
| S7 | 60–64 | M | R | Insula, putamen, rolandic operculum, IFG | I | 3 | 16 | 14 | 18 | |
| S8 | 50–54 | M | L | MFG, precentral, IFG, postcentral, insula, SFG | I | 1 | 41 | 36 | 40 | |
| S9 | 45–49 | F | R | Putamen, insula | I | 1 | 36 | 41 | 48 | |
| S10 | 45–49 | M | L | NA | H | 2 | 20 | 24 | 26 | |
| S11 | 65–69 | F | R | NA | I | 2 | 25 | 26 | 26 | |
| S12 | 65–69 | M | R | NA | I | 5 | 23 | 33 | NA | |
| S13 | 30–34 | M | R | Insula, STG, IFG, putamen, rolandic operculum, temporal pole | I | 2 | 25 | 32 | NA | |
| Robotnon−EEG_Text | S14 | 55–59 | M | L | Insula, IFG, putamen | H | 5 | 28 | 33 | 24 |
| S15 | 55–59 | M | R | Insula, IFG, putamen, rolandic operculum, temporal pole | I | 7 | 20 | 25 | 21 | |
| S16 | 50–54 | M | L | Putamen, caudate nucleus | I | 1 | 24 | 22 | 22 | |
| S17 | 40–44 | M | R | Insula, rolandic operculum, IFG, STG, putamen, temporal pole | H | 5 | 15 | 17 | 16 | |
| S18 | 40–44 | M | R | Insula, MTG, STG, putamen, temporal pole, rolandic operculum | H | 3 | 17 | 20 | 20 | |
| S19 | 55–59 | M | R | Insula, rolandic operculum, IFG | I | 6 | 13 | 23 | 20 | |
| S20 | 50–54 | F | L | Insula, rolandic operculum, putamen | H | 3 | 34 | 34 | 37 | |
| S21 | 45–49 | M | R | Insula, putamen | H | 1 | 34 | 37 | 35 | |
| S22 | 55–59 | M | L | NA | H | 2 | 20 | 19 | 28 | |
| S23 | 40–44 | M | R | NA | I | 2 | 33 | 31 | 50 | |
| S24 | 55–59 | F | L | NA | I | 4 | 31 | 39 | 35 | |
| Mean ± SD | 54 ± 9 | 4 ± 3 | 24 ± 8 | 27 ± 8 | 28 ± 9 | |||||
y, year; M, male; F, female; R, right hemisphere lesion; L, left hemisphere lesion; IFG, Inferior frontal gyrus; IOG, Inferior occipital gyrus; ITG, Inferior temporal gyrus; MFG, Middle frontal gyrus; MOG, Middle occipital gyrus; MTG, Middle temporal gyrus; PLIC, Posterior limb of the internal capsule; SFG, Superior frontal gyrus; SMA, Supplementary motor area; STG, Superior temporal gyrus; H, hemorrhagic stroke; I, ischemic stroke; FMA- UE, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper-extremity (maximum: 66); SD, standard deviation; NA, not available.