Table 1.

Characteristics of detected clusters with a higher or lower than expected incidence of CL in Iranian army units (2014-2017)

	Optimal Gini coefficient	MSC	Clusters detected	Involved province(s)	Observed cases	Expected cases	O/E	RR1	LLR	p-value
Area rate
High	0.84	0.1	1	Kermanshah	353	5.20	67.88	97.73	1,200.62	<0.001
			2	Isfahan	454	75.40	6.02	9.33	513.24	<0.001
			3	Khuzestan	232	98.8	2.35	2.69	73.71	<0.001
Low			1	Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, Semnan, Golestan	3	104.00	0.03	0.03	95.11	<0.001
			2	Zanjan, Qazvin, Hamadan, Kurdistan, Gilan	1	96.20	0.01	0.01	94.83	<0.001
			3	Kerman, South Khorasan, Hormozgan	15	114.40	0.13	0.12	73.57	<0.001
			4	East Azerbaijan	13	91	0.14	0.13	55.52	<0.001
			5	Bushehr, Fars	28	104	0.27	0.25	41.97	<0.001
			6	West Azerbaijan	2	31.20	0.06	0.06	24.08	<0.001
			7	Qom, Markazi	1	7.80	0.13	0.13	4.76	0.09

CL, cutaneous leishmaniasis; MSC, maximum size cluster; O/E, observed-to-expected; RR, relative risk; LLR, log likelihood ratio.

¹RR was calculated as the observed number of cases divided by the expected number of cases within the cluster divided by the corresponding ratio outside the cluster.