TABLE 7.
CPT-4 Codes Indicating Fusion Failure
| Code | n | % failed cases | Code | n | % failed cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult occipitocervical (n = 16) | Adult atlantoaxial (n = 25) | ||||
| 20661 | 2 | 12.5 | 20664 | 1 | 4.0 |
| 20670 | 3 | 18.8 | 20670 | 1 | 4.0 |
| 20680 | 3 | 18.8 | 20680 | 11 | 44.0 |
| 20930 | 1 | 6.3 | 20930 | 3 | 12.0 |
| 20931 | 2 | 12.5 | 20931 | 2 | 8.0 |
| 20936 | 2 | 12.5 | 20936 | 3 | 12.0 |
| 20937 | 2 | 12.5 | 20937 | 3 | 12.0 |
| 20938 | 1 | 6.3 | 20938 | 3 | 12.0 |
| 22315 | 1 | 6.3 | 22590 | 2 | 8.0 |
| 22590 | 3 | 18.8 | 22595 | 3 | 12.0 |
| 22595 | 1 | 6.3 | 22600 | 6 | 24.0 |
| 22600 | 2 | 12.5 | 22840 | 6 | 24.0 |
| 22840 | 2 | 12.5 | |||
| Pediatric occipitocervical (n = 11) | Pediatric atlantoaxial (n = 5) | ||||
| 20661 | 1 | 9.1 | 20661 | 1 | 20.0 |
| 20664 | 2 | 18.2 | 20930 | 1 | 20.0 |
| 20670 | 1 | 9.1 | 20936 | 1 | 20.0 |
| 20680 | 2 | 18.2 | 20937 | 2 | 40.0 |
| 20930 | 2 | 18.2 | 20938 | 1 | 20.0 |
| 20936 | 1 | 9.1 | 22595 | 4 | 80.0 |
| 20937 | 1 | 9.1 | 22840 | 2 | 40.0 |
| 20938 | 1 | 9.1 | |||
| 22590 | 1 | 9.1 | |||
| 22600 | 2 | 18.2 | |||
20661—Application of halo, including removal; cranial
20670—Removal of implant; superficial (eg, buried wire, pin, or rod) (separate procedure)
20680—Removal of implant; deep (eg, buried wire, pin, screw, metal band, nail, rod, or plate)
20930—Allograft, morselized, or placement of osteopromotive material, for spine surgery only
20931—Allograft, structural, for spine surgery only
20936—Autograft for spine surgery only (includes harvesting the graft); local (eg, ribs, spinous process, or laminar fragments) obtained from same incision
20937—Autograft for spine surgery only (includes harvesting the graft); morselized (through separate skin or fascial incision)
20938—Autograft for spine surgery only (includes harvesting the graft); structural, bicortical, or tricortical (through separate skin or fascial incision)
22315—Closed treatment of vertebral fracture(s) and/or dislocation(s) requiring casting or bracing, with and including casting and/or bracing by manipulation or traction
22590—Arthrodesis, posterior technique, craniocervical (occiput-C2)
22595—Arthrodesis, posterior technique, atlas-axis (C1-C2)
22600—Arthrodesis, posterior or posterolateral technique, single level; cervical below C2 segment
22840—Posterior non-segmental instrumentation (eg, Harrington rod technique, pedicle fixation across 1 interspace, atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation, sublaminar wiring at C1, facet screw fixation)
20664—Application of halo, including removal, cranial, 6 or more pins placed, for thin skull osteology