Table 3.
Patient characteristics stratified by outcome
| Characteristic | Patients with favorable outcome (90-day mRS ≤1) (n=33) | Patients with unfavorable outcome (90-day mRS ≥2) (n=69) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 67 (58–76) | 77 (68–81) | <0.01 |
| Time from symptom onset to admission (min) | 75 (51–107) | 98 (60–177) | 0.20 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 (51.5) | 26 (38.2) | 0.28 |
| Hypertension | 20 (60.6) | 57 (82.6) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 7 (21.9) | 17 (25) | 0.81 |
| PAD | 1 (3) | 7 (10.4) | 0.27 |
| Stroke etiology | |||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 2 (6.1) | 5 (7.5) | 1 |
| Cardioembolic | 18 (54.5) | 34 (50.7) | 0.83 |
| ESUS | 4 (12.1) | 8 (11.9) | 1 |
| Other | 3 (9.1) | 2 (3) | 0.33 |
| Unknown | 6 (18.2) | 18 (26.9) | 0.46 |
| Clinical scores | |||
| NIHSS admission | 13 (8.8–17.3) | 18 (12–20) | 0.03 |
| mRS admission | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | 0.01 |
| Occlusion sites | |||
| Proximal ICA | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 1 |
| Distal ICA | 3 (9.1) | 21 (30.4) | 0.03 |
| MCA | 30 (90.9) | 47 (68.1) | 0.01 |
| Imaging scores | |||
| NECT-ASPECTS | 9 (8–9.3) | 8 (7–9) | <0.01 |
| CTP | |||
| CBV-ASPECTS | 8 (7–9) | 7 (5–8) | <0.01 |
| CBF-ASPECTS | 4 (2.8–5) | 3 (1–5) | 0.05 |
| TTD-ASPECTS | 3 (1–4) | 1 (0–3) | <0.01 |
| MTT-ASPECTS | 3 (2–5) | 2 (0.8–3) | <0.01 |
| ΔCBV-CBF-ASPECTS | 3 (2.8–5.3) | 3 (1.8–4) | 0.08 |
| ΔCBV-TTD-ASPECTS | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–6) | 0.17 |
| ΔCBV-MTT-ASPECTS | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–6) | 0.19 |
| Collaterals | |||
| rLMC score | 15 (12–16) | 12.5 (10–14) | <0.01 |
| sp Menon score (CTA) | 8 (6–9) | 6 (4.8–8) | <0.01 |
| sp Menon score (tMIP) | 8.5 (7–9) | 7 (6–8) | <0.01 |
| mp Menon score | 7 (6–8) | 7 (5–8) | 0.03 |
| mod mp Menon score | 7.5 (6–8) | 7 (6–8) | 0.06 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%). A 90-day mRS ≤1 was defined as favorable outcome, while a 90-day mRS >1 was considered unfavorable.
mRS, modified Rankin Scale; PAD, peripheral artery disease; ESUS, embolic stroke of undetermined source; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; NECT, non-enhanced computed tomography (CT); ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; CTP, CT perfusion; CBV, cerebral blood volume; CBF, cerebral blood flow; TTD, time to drain; MTT, mean transit time; rLMC score, regional leptomeningeal collateral score; sp Menon score, single-phase Menon score; CTA, CT angiography; tMIP, temporal maximal intensity projection; mp Menon score, multi-phase Menon score; mod mp Menon score; modified multi-phase Menon score.