Table 1.
Patient and procedure characteristics, overall and by 3-month functional outcome*
| Characteristic | All patients | mRS 0–2 | mRS 3–6 | Missing mRS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 164 | 75 | 80 | 9 |
| Age (yr) | 74 (20–92) | 67 (20–91) | 79 (44–92) | 74 (52–89) |
| Male sex | 73 (44.5) | 37 (49.3) | 31 (38.8) | 5 (55.6) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 64 (39.0) | 23 (30.7) | 36 (45.0) | 5 (55.6) |
| Previous stroke | 18 (11.0) | 8 (11.0) | 8 (10.0) | 2 (22.2) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 11 (6.7) | 4 (5.3) | 7 (8.8) | 0 (0) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 35 (21.3) | 9 (12.0) | 25 (31.3) | 1 (11.1) |
| Carotid stenosis ≥50% | 17 (10.4) | 8 (10.7) | 8 (10.0) | 1 (11.1) |
| Hypertension | 106 (64.6) | 41 (54.7) | 59 (73.8) | 6 (66.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (12.8) | 7 (9.3) | 13 (16.3) | 1 (11.1) |
| Chronic heart failure | 26 (16.2) | 8 (11.0) | 18 (22.8) | 0 (0) |
| Chronic renal failure | 16 (9.9) | 4 (56.42) | 12 (15.2) | 0 (0) |
| Pre-admission statins | 135 (82.8) | 68 (90.7) | 60 (75.0) | 1 (87.5) |
| Pre-admission antiplatelets | 45 (27.4) | 15 (20.0) | 28 (35.0) | 2 (22.2) |
| Pre-admission anticoagulants | 29 (17.7) | 9 (12.0) | 18 (22.5) | 2 (22.2) |
| On-admission systolic BP (mm Hg) | 150 (83–223) | 150 (100–210) | 154 (83–223) | 148 (110–192) |
| On-admission MAP (mm Hg) | 107 (56–174) | 106 (67–143) | 108 (56–174) | 106 (70–135) |
| NIHSS at presentation | 18 (3–32) | 16 (3–31) | 20 (3–32) | 18 (7–24) |
| Onset to first vessel imaging (min) | 189 (98–900) | 181 (98–374) | 208 (99–639) | 165 (111–900) |
| TOAST: cardioembolic or unknown | 134 (81.7) | 54 (72.0) | 72 (90.0) | 8 (88.9) |
| rtPA used | 116 (70.7) | 56 (74.7) | 54 (67.5) | 6 (66.7) |
| Middle cerebral artery segment 1 | 114 (69.5) | 52 (69.3) | 55 (68.8) | 7 (77.8) |
| Middle cerebral artery segment 2 | 14 (8.5) | 8 (10.7) | 4 (5.0) | 2 (22.2) |
| Tandem occlusion | 36 (22.0) | 15 (20.0) | 21 (26.3) | 0 (0) |
| Procedure duration (min) | 83 (12–587) | 65 (12–202) | 109 (17–587) | 72 (17–188) |
| BP measurements/procedure (n) | 83 (13–230) | 66 (13–203) | 108 (18–230) | 73 (18–189) |
| BP measurements/minute | 1.0 (0.2–2.4) | 1.0 (0.5–2.4) | 1.0 (0.2–1.6) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
| SBP reference (mm Hg) | 125 (73–203) | 125 (93–203) | 124 (73–191) | 132 (98–182) |
| SBP ∆ reference–admission (mm Hg) | –23 (–126 to 66) | –19 (–88 to 43) | –28 (–126 to 66) | –23 (–53 to 37) |
| MAP reference (mm Hg) | 88 (56–136) | 91 (61–136) | 87 (56–134) | 84 (64–123) |
| MAP ∆ reference–admission (mm Hg) | –17 (–101 to 50) | –15 (–56 to 46) | –18 (–101 to 50) | –22 (–55 to 21) |
| BP treatment admission-to-procedure | ||||
| None | 146 (89.0) | 68 (90.7) | 69 (86.3) | 9 (100) |
| BP-lowering (urapidil, clonidine) | 16 (9.8) | 7 (9.3) | 9 (11.3) | 0 (0) |
| BP-increasing (sympathomimetics) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) |
| Procedure mean SBP (mm Hg) | 128 (69–192) | 126 (83–168) | 126 (67–192) | 142 (106–158) |
| Procedure mean MAP (mm Hg) | 91 (43–125) | 92 (56–117) | 89 (43–125) | 96 (66–112) |
| Rates of BP excursions vs. ref. (n/10 min)† | ||||
| SBP >120% | 1.09 (0–9.26) | 1.21 (0–9.26) | 0.93 (0–8.41) | 1.63 (0–8.19) |
| MAP >120% | 1.19 (0–9.74) | 1.31 (0–8.92) | 1.03 (0–9.74) | 1.95 (0–8.75) |
| SBP <80% | 0.97 (0–9.20) | 1.26 (0–9.04) | 0.82 (0–9.20) | 0.66 (0–0.98) |
| MAP <80% | 0.79 (0–8.91) | 1.08 (0–8.91) | 0.66 (0–8.22) | 0.11 (0–0.11) |
| Inotropes during procedure | 77 (46.9) | 33 (44.0) | 38 (47.5) | 6 (66.7) |
| Leptomeningeal collaterals | ||||
| Poor (<50% as on unaffected side) | 32 (19.51) | 6 (8.0) | 24 (30.0) | 2 (22.2) |
| Good (≥50% as on unaffected side) | 132 (80.5) | 69 (92.0) | 56 (70.0) | 7 (77.8) |
| Reperfusion success (TICI class 2b–3) | 121 (73.8) | 65 (86.7) | 50 (62.5) | 6 (66.7) |
| Control CT | ||||
| No infarction, no hemorrhage | 18 (11.0) | 11 (14.7) | 6 (7.5) | 1 (11.1) |
| Infarction only, no hemorrhage | 117 (71.3) | 53 (70.6) | 56 (70.0) | 8 (88.9) |
| Hemorrhage visible | 29 (17.7) | 11 (14.7) | 18 (22.5) | 0 (0) |
| Ischemic lesion volume (cm3) | 30.7 (0–518) | 10.9 (0–466) | 102 (0–518) | 9.1 (0–127) |
| Post-procedure statin use | 110 (67.5) | 43 (57.3) | 62 (77.5) | 5 (62.5) |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%).
mRS, modified Rankin Scale; BP, blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification; rtPA, recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TICI, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction; CT, computed tomography.
*
mRS score: favorable (score 0 to 2) or poor (score 3 to 6);
†
Geometric mean ratio (interquartile range).