Overexpression of sortilin 1 (SORT1) suppressed human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation. Representative images show tube formation in mock transfected and SORT1-transfected (A, upper panel) or non-targeting control siRNA (siNC) and SORT1 siRNA (siSORT1)-transfected (B, upper panel) HUVECs. Tube length was quantified by Image J software using pictures of tube formation (n=6; A and B, lower panel). (C) Comparisons were made via t-tests. mRNA expression of major angiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in mock transfected and SORT1-transfected HUVECs. Data are shown as mean±standard deviation (n=3). A one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett’s multiple comparison post-tests were used to compare mock and SORT1-transfected HUVECs. EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; THBS, thrombospodin; ANGPT, angiopoietin; PDGFB, platelet-derived growth factor subunit B; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF2, fibroblast growth factor 2. *P<0.05; † P<0.01; ‡ P<0.001.