Table 1.
| None | Light | Moderate | Heavy | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 6564 | 3168 | 408 | 1765 | |
| Age, y | 47.9 (0.14) | 42.7 (0.23) | 48.9 (0.55) | 47.3 (0.29) | <0.001 |
| Women, % | 1968 (30.0) | 152 (4.80) | 1 (0.25) | 8 (0.45) | <0.001 |
| Education, % | |||||
| Primary | 508 (7.7) | 177 (5.6) | 54 (13.2) | 190 (10.8) | <0.001 |
| Middle | 5482 (83.6) | 2469 (78.0) | 330 (80.9) | 1512 (85.7) | |
| College | 570 (8.7) | 520 (16.4) | 24 (5.9) | 62 (3.5) | |
| Occupation, % | |||||
| Blue collar | 6018 (91.8) | 2793 (88.3) | 389 (95.3) | 1693 (96.0) | <0.001 |
| White collar | 536 (8.2) | 370 (11.7) | 19 (4.7) | 71 (4.0) | |
| Income, % | |||||
| <500 RMB/month | 2006 (30.6) | 1149 (36.3) | 127 (31.1) | 735 (41.7) | <0.001 |
| 500–1000 RMB/month | 3343 (51.0) | 1154 (36.4) | 191 (46.8) | 654 (37.1) | |
| >1000 RMB/month | 1210 (18.5) | 865 (27.3) | 90 (22.1) | 375 (21.3) | |
| Smoking status, % | |||||
| Never | 4583 (69.9) | 902 (28.5) | 79 (19.4) | 217 (12.3) | 0.001 |
| Past smoker | 386 (5.9) | 271 (8.6) | 31 (7.6) | 114 (6.5) | |
| Current smoker | 1590 (24.2) | 1993 (63.0) | 298 (73.0) | 1432 (81.2) | |
| Hypertension, % | |||||
| Negative | 1180 (18.1) | 488 (15.5) | 37 (9.2) | 159 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Prehypertension | 1880 (28.8) | 1116 (35.5) | 114 (28.3) | 447 (25.4) | |
| Hypertension | 3464 (53.1) | 1544 (49.1) | 252 (62.5) | 1152 (65.5) | |
| Diabetes, % | |||||
| Negative | 4207 (64.9) | 2132 (68.0) | 244 (61.3) | 1034 (59.3) | 0.01 |
| Prediabetes | 1458 (22.5) | 717 (22.9) | 101 (25.4) | 471 (27.0) | |
| Diabetes | 814 (12.6) | 285 (9.1) | 53 (13.3) | 238 (13.7) | |
| Physical activity, % | |||||
| Never | 470 (7.2) | 332 (10.5) | 28 (6.9) | 246 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Every time more than 20 min | |||||
| <4 times/week | 5217 (79.5) | 2394 (75.6) | 310 (76.0) | 1253 (71.1) | |
| ≥4 times/week | 872 (13.3) | 439 (13.9) | 70 (17.2) | 263 (15.0) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8 (0.05) | 24.9 (0.08) | 24.6 (0.18) | 24.7 (0.09) | 0.29 |
| High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.58 (0.005) | 1.60 (0.008) | 1.66 (0.02) | 1.74 (0.01) | <0.001 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.11 (0.009) | 2.16 (0.01) | 2.15 (0.04) | 2.20 (0.02) | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.44 (0.02) | 1.47 (0.03) | 1.41 (0.07) | 1.68 (0.03) | <0.001 |
| Urate, μmol/L | 277 (1.06) | 304 (1.72) | 306 (4.06) | 307 (2.15) | <0.001 |
a
Values are mean (standard error) adjusted for age and sex, or percentages.
b
Participants were categorized into: nondrinkers, light (women: 0–0.4 servings/day; men: 0–0.9 servings/day), moderate (women: 0.5–1.0 servings/day; men: 1–2 servings/day), and heavy drinkers (women: >1 serving/day; men: >2 servings/day).