Table 1.
Subject group characteristics.
| Group | PD patients | HC | Stats (test value, df, p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 71 | 45 | |
| Age (mean ±SD) | 61.3 ± 9.3 | 59.6 ± 11 | 0.9,114,0.371 |
| sex (male/female) | 48/23 | 28/17 | 0.4,1,0.552 |
| Dominant side (left/symmetric/right) | 31/0/40 | – | – |
| MDS-UPDRS tot (mean ±SD) | 31.5 ± 12.9 | 2.7 ± 3.4 | 14.7,114,<0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS I (mean ±SD) | 4.9 ± 3.3 | 1.9 ± 2.7 | 5.1,114,<0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS II (mean ±SD) | 5.3 ± 4 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 8.7,114,<0.001 |
| MDS-UPDRS III (mean ±SD) | 21.3 ± 8.9 | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 15.4,114,<0.001 |
| Delta MDS-UPDRS tot over 1 year (mean ±SD) | 2.3 ± 12.3 | 1.1 ± 3.2 | 0.6,114,0.546 |
| Delta MDS-UPDRS I over 1 year (mean ±SD) | 1.1 ± 3.5 | 0.5 ± 2.4 | 1,114,0.304 |
| Delta MDS-UPDRS II over 1 year (mean ±SD) | 1.5 ± 3.6 | 0.2 ± 1.2 | 2.3,114,0.022 |
| Delta MDS-UPDRS III over 1 year (mean ±SD) | -0.3 ± 8.5 | 0.4 ± 1.6 | -0.6,114,0.551 |
| MoCA (mean ±SD) | 27.3 ± 2.2 | 28.3 ± 1.1 | -2.8,114,0.007 |
| Delta MoCA over 1 year (mean ±SD, N) | -0.6 ± 2.5, 70 | -1.2 ± 1.8,45 | 1.3,113,0.184 |
| On L-dopa at follow-up (yes/no) | 20/51 | – | – |
| On DA at follow-up (yes/no) | 26/45 | – | – |
| On others PD med at follow-up (yes/no) | 15/56 | – | – |
| Resting tremor (yes/no) | 55/16 | – | – |
| Rigidity (yes/no/unknown) | 58/13/0 | – | – |
| Bradykinesia (yes/no/unknown) | 65/6/0 | – | – |
| Postural instability (yes/no/unknown) | 2/68/1 | – | – |
df, degrees of freedom; PD, Parkinson’s disease; HC, healthy controls; med, medication; SD, standard deviation; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test Scoring.