Table 1.

Role of autophagy in adult neurogenesis.

		Cellular type/region	Species	Effect							Reference
				Self-renewal/activation	Proliferation	Survival	Death	Differentiation	Migration	Maturation
Genetic model	FIP200 (hGFAP-Cre) cKO	Neurospheres and in vivo (SEZ, SGZ)	Mus musculus	↓ radial NSC maintenance	↓	↓	↑ apoptosis	↓ (infiltration and activation of microglia)			Wang et al., 2013, 2017a
	FIP200/Trp53 (hGFAP-Cre) dcKO	In vivo (SEZ, SGZ)	Mus musculus	rescue	rescue						Wang et al., 2013
	Atg5 (hGFAP-Cre) cKO	Neurospheres and in vivo (SEZ, SGZ)	Mus musculus	=	=	=	=	=			Wang et al., 2016
	Atg16L1 (hGFAP-Cre) cKO	Neurospheres and in vivo (SEZ, SGZ)	Mus musculus	=	=	=	=	=
	Beclin 1+/−	Neurospheres and in vivo (SEZ)	Mus musculus		↓	↓	† apoptosis	↓			Yazdankhah et al., 2014
	Ambra1+/−	Neurospheres and in vivo (SEZ)	Mus musculus		↓	↓	† apoptosis	↓
	Let-7 (LV)	OB	Mus musculus						↓	↓	Petri et al., 2017
	Let-7/Beclin o.e. (LV)	OB	Mus musculus						Rescue
	Let-7/TFEB o.e. (LV)	OB	Mus musculus						Rescue
	Atg5 (RV-Cre) cKO	In vivo (SGZ)	Mus musculus		=	↓				↓(delay)	Xi et al., 2016
	Atg5 (RV-Cre) cKO/Bax−/−	In vivo (SGZ)	Mus musculus			Rescue				Rescue
Treatment	Insulin withdrawal	Adherent NSPC cultures (Hippocampus)	Rattus norvergicus				↑ autophagic death				Chung et al., 2015; Ha et al., 2017; Yu et al., 2008
	Insulin withdrawal, Atg7 siRNA	Adherent NSPC cultures (Hippocampus)	Rattus norvergicus				rescue				Chung et al., 2015
	Oxygen-glucose deprivation	Adherent NSPC cultures (Hippocampus)	Rattus norvergicus				↑ autophagic death				Chung et al., 2018
	Nutrient deprivation/TFEB	Neurospheres (SEZ, young/old animals)	Mus musculus	↑ Quiescent NSC/NPC activation							Leeman et al., 2018
	Rapamycin	In vivo (SEZ, old animals)	Mus musculus	↑ Quiescent NSC/NPC activation

cKO, conditional knockout; dcKO, double conditional knockout; LV, lentivirus; RV, retrovirus; o.e., overexpression.