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. 2018 Oct 11;12(1):143–153. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.09.005

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© 2018 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

CX-4945 reduces tumor growth compared to control (A) and enhances the effect of the standard therapy, gemcitabine (Gem) and cisplatin (Cis), on tumor growth (A and D). CX-4945 also improves survival of mice when added to gemcitabine and cisplatin (B). CX-4945 significantly decreases CCA cell proliferation in xenografts compared to the control (P < .0001) and gemcitabine and cisplatin (P = .02) (C and E). CX-4945 in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin decreases cell proliferation compared to gemcitabine and cisplatin (P < .0001) (C and E). CX-4945 increases apoptosis in xenografts compared to control and gemcitabine/cisplatin (C and E).