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. 2018 Jul 7;41(10):zsy129. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy129

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Figure 1. — Executive functioning and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Significant synergistic effects (left) showed that adolescents with both ADHD and PLMS had significantly worse control interference and internalizing scores, whereas adolescents with ADHD alone did not. Significant additive effects (right) on externalizing behaviors and ADHD severity showed that adolescents with ADHD with or without PLMS had significantly worse aggressive behaviors and inattention/hyperactivity behaviors in a dose-response manner. These group differences were present despite similar working memory deficits in adolescents with ADHD with and without PLMS. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; PLMS = abnormal periodic limb movements; DSM = diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder.