Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample
| ADHD | P | PLMS | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 323) | Yes (n = 98) | No (n = 318) | Yes (n = 103) | |||
| Male (%) | 49.2 | 69.4 | <0.001 | 51.3 | 62.1 | 0.054 |
| Ethnic minority (%) | 22.0 | 21.4 | 0.908 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 0.889 |
| White | 78.0 | 78.6 | 0.937 | 78.0 | 78.6 | 0.584 |
| Black | 12.7 | 12.2 | 13.2 | 10.7 | ||
| Hispanic | 6.2 | 7.1 | 5.7 | 8.7 | ||
| Other | 3.1 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 1.9 | ||
| Age (years) | 17.0 ± 2.3 | 16.8 ± 2.1 | 0.606 | 17.0 ± 2.3 | 16.8 ± 2.1 | 0.533 |
| Tanner stage (score) | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 0.513 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 0.829 |
| Pre-pubertal (%) | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.355 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.701 |
| Early pubertal (%) | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | ||
| Mid puberty (%) | 13.5 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 15.0 | ||
| Late puberty (%) | 44.6 | 54.3 | 46.1 | 49.0 | ||
| Adulthood (%) | 39.4 | 30.9 | 38.2 | 35.0 | ||
| BMI (percentile) | 65.6 ± 28.6 | 64.4 ± 27.9 | 0.709 | 67.3 ± 27.9 | 59.3 ± 29.1 | 0.014 |
| Normal weight (%) | 64.7 | 70.4 | 0.580 | 62.6 | 76.7 | 0.028 |
| Overweight (%) | 19.5 | 16.3 | 21.1 | 11.7 | ||
| Obesity (%) | 15.8 | 13.3 | 16.4 | 11.7 | ||
| ADHD (%) | 0.0 | 100.0 | N/A | 19.8 | 34.0 | 0.003 |
| None | 100.0 | 0.0 | 80.2 | 66.0 | 0.012 | |
| Past treatment | 0.0 | 27.6 | 5.7 | 8.7 | ||
| Current treatment | 0.0 | 72.4 | 14.2 | 25.2 | ||
| Stimulant medication (%) | 0.6 | 39.8 | <0.001 | 7.5 | 16.5 | 0.008 |
| Psychoactive medication (%) | 5.6 | 18.4 | <0.001 | 6.0 | 16.5 | 0.001 |
| Sleep medication (%) | 1.2 | 4.1 | 0.071 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.972 |
| Allergy/asthma medication (%) | 23.2 | 16.3 | 0.146 | 21.1 | 23.3 | 0.632 |
| PLMS (%) | 21.1 | 35.7 | 0.003 | 0.0 | 100.0 | |
| PLM (#) | 25.1 ± 40.8 | 38.7 ± 52.8 | 0.020 | 9.3 ± 10.8 | 86.8 ± 55.7 | <0.001 |
| PLMa (#) | 3.4 ± 5.7 | 4.0 ± 6.1 | 0.392 | 1.9 ± 3.1 | 8.7 ± 8.6 | <0.001 |
| PLMI (events per hour) | 3.4 ± 5.6 | 5.4 ± 7.2 | 0.006 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 12.0 ± 7.5 | <0.001 |
BMI = body mass index percentile for age and sex; PLMS = abnormal periodic limb movements; PLMI = periodic limb movement index; PLMa = number of arousals associated with periodic limb movements. Bold values are statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05.