Gpx1 is required for the regulatory effect of VEGF-B on the expression of antioxidative and prooxidative genes. (A) Western blot confirms knockdown of Gpx1 by shRNA in the eyes of rd1 mice after intravitreous shRNA injection. While VEGF-B treatment increased the protein levels of Gpx1, Sod1, Zmynd17, Gpx2, and Prdx1 in the retinas of rd1 mice, Gpx1 knockdown completely abolished the effect of VEGF-B. (B) Real-time PCR also shows that Gpx1 knockdown diminished the up-regulatory effect of VEGF-B on the expression of Sod1, Prdx5, Zmynd17, Gpx2, and Prdx1, and the inhibitory effect on TOP expression (n = 8; ***P < 0.001).