Table 2.
Effects of assessments on psychological well-being: Test total scores of pre- and post-measures (ANOVA).
| Tests total scores | Rap&SingMT group n = 65 |
Control group n = 30 |
Within–between group differences |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
F | df | p | ηp2 | |||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||||
| SDQ T Total | 4.06 | 4.29 | 4.03 | 4.25 | 4.17 | 4.60 | 6.33 | 5.06 | 14.13 | 1 | .001 | .132 |
| SDQ P Total | 6.82 | 5.71 | 5.69 | 4.59 | 6.43 | 4.35 | 6.20 | 4.14 | .34 | 1 | .137 | .024 |
| SDQ K Total | 10.89 | 6.14 | 9.34 | 5.41 | 11.50 | 5.62 | 9.23 | 4.89 | <.01 | 1 | .963 | <.001 |
| DERS K Total | 74.22 | 27.46 | 67.08 | 22.46 | 68.73 | 18.04 | 66.57 | 18.21 | 1.38 | 1 | .243 | .015 |
| SPPC K Total* | 107.46 | 16.38 | 109.93 | 14.64 | 110.46 | 11.52 | 111.26 | 11.78 | .12 | 1 | .726 | .001 |
Note. *Increase = positive improvement. SDQ: Strength Difficulty Questionnaire (T = teacher, P = parents, K = kids = children); DERS: Difficulty Emotion Regulation (children); SPPC: Self-Perception Profile Children and self-esteem (children).