Figure 15.

At higher velocities of about 1.4 mm/s, the phase difference is characterized by an exponential increasing trend, and at lower speeds with linearized phase difference characterization, as expected. It is obvious that the phase difference falls below 150 μm as the same linear change is likely to continue even at small speeds of 0.5 mm/s. This is an indication that non-delayed positioning can be performed by neglecting the phase difference at the speed requirements of the nanometer range, which will be needed especially in lab-on-a-chip applications.