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(a) A free-body diagram showing two particles in contact where F0 equals the sum of gravitational force and buoyancy force, N is normal force, and θ is the angle. (b) A schematic showing two-particle chains at different height levels. (c) The stable angle formed by the particles with respect to the floor increases as the chain of particles moves from the gap region close to the edge of the electrode to the center of an electrode.
