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. 2018 Jun 1;9(6):279. doi: 10.3390/mi9060279

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Variation of electrostatic potential energy and torque of the middle ellipsoidal particle in three-particle pearl chain as the alignment angle increases from 0° to 90°, (b) Variation of electrostatic potential energy of the middle ellipsoidal particle in chain with respect to the alignment angle. The horizontal line represents the minimum energy of a single ellipsoidal particle. (c) Particles with different surface conductance have minimum electrostatic potential energy value around the same alignment angle. (d) Variation of electrostatic potential energy of the middle ellipsoidal particle in stacked configuration with respect to the diagonal chain angle.