Table 1.
Compiled information about different stretchable heaters.
| Ref. | T Sensor on Site | Feedback Control | Target T (°C) | Resistive Heating Element | Substrate | V (V) | R (Ω) | Area (cm2) | P (W) | Power Density (mW/cm2) | SPF mW/(cm2·°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Our device | Yes | Yes | 43 | Al (9 μm) | Skin | 10 | 17.2 | 38.7 | 2.38 | 61.44 | 0.78 |
| [5] | No | No | 43 | Ag NW/SBS (18/82) | Skin | 3.7 | ~2 | 91 | ~7 | ~80 | 0.9 |
| [9] | Yes | Yes | 40 | Au (190 nm) | Pig Skin | 12 | 95.9 | <2.3 | 1.5 | >652 | >40 * |
| [15] | Yes | No | ΔT = 6 | Au | Skin | -- | -- | 0.64 | 0.01 | 20.31 | 3 |
| [30] | Yes | Yes | 250 | Ag/Ethylene Glycol (50 wt %) | 50 μm PI | 4.5 | 0.75 | -- | 27 | 650 | 3 |
| [31] | No | No | 40 | CuZr nanotrough network | Skin | 1.7 | 3.9 | 1.24 | 0.74 | 600 | 35 |
| [39] | No | No | 39 | Ag NW /PDMS 132 mg m−2 | Air | 4 | 50 | 38.5 | 0.32 | 8.31 | 0.6 |
| [39] | No | No | 56 | Ag NW /PDMS 396 mg m−2 | Air | 5 | 15 | 38.5 | 1.67 | 43.29 | 1 |
| [41] | Yes | No | 37 | Cr/Au 7/70 nm | PDMS | 4.4 | 550 | 9 | 0.04 | 3.91 | 0.8 |
| [40] | Yes | Yes | 31 | PE Yarn with CuNW coating | Skin | 1.4 | 1.66 | 30.16 | 1.18 | 39.12 | 5 |
* Assuming power for glass experiments was same as power for pig skin experiments.