Table 1.

Common modern neurostimulation techniques.

Type	Invasiveness	Mechanism of Action
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)	Non-invasive	Electromagnetic induction leads to modulation of underlying cortex and neural activity.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)	Non-invasive	Weak current alters neuronal excitability. Neural effects depend on the direction of current.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)	Invasive	Electrical pulses delivered to specific brain area/circuitry central to condition.