TABLE 1—
Sample Descriptive Statistics at the Census Tract Level With Stratification by Level of Neighborhood Poverty: 8 US States, 2010–2017
| Full Sample | High Povertya | Low Povertyb | |
| Census tracts, no. | 2793 | 948 | 1845 |
| Count of “not ready” subdomains by census tract, frequency (%) | |||
| 0 | 296 (10.6) | 67 (7.1) | 229 (12.4) |
| 1 | 513 (18.4) | 90 (9.5) | 423 (22.9) |
| 2 | 1126 (40.3) | 366 (38.6) | 760 (41.2) |
| 3 | 605 (21.7) | 308 (32.5) | 297 (16.1) |
| 4 | 132 (4.7) | 70 (7.4) | 62 (3.4) |
| 5 | 53 (1.9) | 27 (2.9) | 26 (1.4) |
| 6 | 24 (0.9) | 5 (0.5) | 19 (1.0) |
| 7 | 17 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 12 (0.7) |
| 8 | 9 (0.3) | 4 (0.4) | 5 (0.3) |
| 9 | 5 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) |
| 10 | 6 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) |
| 12 | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) |
| 13 | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) |
| 15 | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) |
| No. of “not ready” subdomains, mean (SD) | 2.10 (1.43) | 2.45 (1.36) | 1.91 (1.43) |
| Domain scores (range 0–10), mean (SD) | |||
| Physical health | 8.75 (0.78) | 8.60 (0.72) | 8.82 (0.79) |
| Social competence | 8.18 (1.07) | 7.99 (1.01) | 8.27 (1.09) |
| Emotional maturity | 8.11 (0.90) | 8.01 (0.83) | 8.16 (0.93) |
| Language and cognition | 8.88 (0.92) | 8.61 (0.88) | 9.02 (0.90) |
| Communication skills | 7.56 (1.44) | 7.17 (1.39) | 7.76 (1.42) |
| % residential crowding, mean (SD) | 7.48 (9.20) | 12.45 (11.54) | 4.92 (6.37) |
| Average commute time, min, mean (SD) | 27.50 (5.84) | 26.68 (6.38) | 27.91 (5.50) |
| % bachelor’s degree, mean (SD) | 29.98 (20.63) | 14.70 (12.77) | 37.83 (19.46) |
| Unemployment rate, mean (SD) | 9.88 (5.35) | 13.10 (6.20) | 8.22 (3.93) |
| % limited English, mean (SD) | 10.11 (10.04) | 16.53 (11.91) | 6.81 (6.91) |
| % owner-occupied housing, mean (SD) | 56.89 (23.40) | 43.27 (21.43) | 63.89 (21.19) |
| Population density, pop/sq mile, mean (SD) | 7539 (6471) | 8858 (7570) | 6862 (5711) |
| % in poverty, mean (SD) | 17.01 (12.93) | 32.07 (9.92) | 9.28 (5.10) |
| Racial heterogeneity, mean (SD) | 0.46 (0.19) | 0.38 (0.22) | 0.50 (0.16) |
| Residential instability, mean (SD) | 12.08 (6.81) | 14.02 (6.69) | 11.08 (6.65) |
a
High poverty (top third % of neighborhood poverty [≥ 20%]).
b
Low poverty (bottom two thirds % of neighborhood poverty [< 20%]).