Table 4:
Heart Rate Variability Parameters for the E3, emWave, and BioPatch for Phases 1–4 (Mean ± SD)
| Phase 1 (n = 5) |
Phase 2 (n = 6) |
Phase 3 (n = 4) |
Phase 4 (n = 3) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRV parameter | E3 | eW | BP | E3 | eW | BP | E3 | eW | BP | E3 | eW | BP |
| Mean RR,a,b ms | 882.5 ± 126.6 | 856.7 ± 128.7 | 856.9 ± 131.9 | 880.0 ± 126.9 | 862.6 ± 125.6 | 864.8 ± 127.2 | 926.6 ± 154.8 | 897.6 ± 153.4 | 900.5 ± 153.4 | 808.5 ± 115.7 | 789.8 ± 125.0 | 798.7 ± 129.3 |
| SDNN, ms | 76.0 ± 17.1 | 60.3 ± 14.8 | 45.9 ± 16.2 | 74.1 ± 21.7 | 53.7 ± 21.5 | 39.9 ± 6.0 | 89.6 ± 29.5 | 66.1 ± 23.5 | 42.5 ± 12.6 | 70.1 ± 7.9 | 56.4 ± 13.4 | 43.9 ± 4.2 |
| RMSSD, ms | 91.0 ± 23.7 | 57.8 ± 18.9 | 33.7 ± 11.0 | 71.0 ± 20.3 | 53.4 ± 16.2 | 34.0 ± 11.2 | 86.0 ± 33.8 | 64.7 ± 18.0 | 32.7 ± 10.3 | 77.7 ± 15.3 | 61.3 ± 24.8 | 31.3 ± 7.1 |
| pNN50,c % | 45.9 ± 12.9 | 29.4 ± 8.5 | 10.2 ± 9.0 | 30.5 ± 13.8 | 25.8 ± 9.7 | 8.4 ± 5.3 | 37.3 ± 14.8 | 33.0 ± 8.0 | 12.6 ± 10.8 | 41.0 ± 10.0 | 34.0 ± 17.7 | 12.0 ± 9.0 |
| TINN, ms | 265.0 ± 102.0 | 301.0 ± 48.7 | 270.0 ± 93.6 | 266.7 ± 111.3 | 285.0 ± 70.5 | 239.2 ± 95.8 | 222.5 ± 99.9 | 336.3 ± 83.7 | 201.3 ± 52.8 | 260.0 ± 80.0 | 265.0 ± 62.4 | 205.0 ± 5.0 |
| LF power,a ms2 | 11,118.6 ± 11,135.4 | 1,688.2 ± 1,103.8 | 1,633.2 ± 1,412.4 | 6,891.0 ± 5,364.0 | 1,057.2 ± 364.9 | 1,068.3 ± 403.9 | 6,772.8 ± 5,595.2 | 1,384.5 ± 432.1 | 1,513.8 ± 756.8 | 13,326.7 ± 15,995.9 | 1,646.0 ± 230.2 | 1,497.7 ± 337.6 |
| HF power, ms2 | 1,065.6 ± 777.8 | 702.0 ± 411.6 | 276.2 ± 104.0 | 578.2 ± 407.0 | 654.8 ± 383.8 | 338.0 ± 162.1 | 472.8 ± 230.4 | 946.3 ± 752.1 | 419.3 ± 136.0 | 855.0 ± 320.2 | 1,224.3 ± 1,150.4 | 477.7 ± 132.1 |
| LF, n.u.a | 86.5 ± 12.8 | 67.5 ± 13.4 | 82.0 ± 7.4 | 87.4 ± 9.2 | 62.1 ± 13.4 | 74.8 ± 13.1 | 83.1 ± 23.1 | 62.4 ± 14.7 | 76.4 ± 8.5 | 86.8 ± 12.0 | 62.5 ± 22.1 | 75.2 ± 8.8 |
| HF, n.u.a | 13.5 ± 12.8 | 32.3 ± 13.4 | 18.0 ± 7.4 | 12.6 ± 9.2 | 37.8 ± 13.1 | 25.2 ± 13.1 | 16.9 ± 23.0 | 37.5 ± 14.6 | 23.6 ± 8.5 | 13.1 ± 11.9 | 37.4 ± 22.0 | 24.7 ± 8.8 |
| LF/HF ratioa | 11,133.4 ± 7,708.6 | 2,997.2 ± 2,862.3 | 5,727.2 ± 3,737.0 | 44,678.5 ± 89,766.1 | 1,848.0 ± 1,366.6 | 4,001.5 ± 2,561.0 | 13,518.7 ± 9,447.8 | 1,746.2 ± 1,216.1 | 3,594.5 ± 1,382.4 | 12,841.7 ± 11,799.0 | 2,270.5 ± 2,487.0 | 3,395.7 ± 1,521.7 |
Note. HRV, heart rate variability; eW, emWave; BP, BioPatch; RR, difference between R-wave occurrence times in milliseconds; SDNN, standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences in milliseconds; pNN50c, relative amount of successive intervals differing >50 ms in percentages; TINN, triangular interpolation in milliseconds; LF, lower frequency; HF, higher frequency; n.u., normalized units.
a
eW and BP, p ≤ .05. bE3 and BP, p ≤ .05. ceW and BP, p ≤ .10.