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. 2018 Oct 8;9:1256. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01256

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Copyright © 2018 Battenberg, Potter, Tabuloc, Chiu and Berry.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Different scenarios tested based on competing hypotheses of the origin of RNS. A phylogenetic tree of the NFC and its outgroup. The branches a through d designate the base of the NFC (a), C. thyrsiflorus (b), D. glomerata (c), and the legumes (d), respectively. The table below indicates the three hypothesis-based scenarios and where each scenario expects a change in dN/dS in the phylogeny. Species without a family label each belong to a separate family: A. thaliana (Brassicaceae), M. esculenta (Euphorbiaceae), P. trichocarpa (Salicaceae), C. thyrsiflorus (Rhamnaceae), C. sativus (Cucurbitaceae), and D. glomerata (Datiscaceae). Mal., Malpighiales. The topology of the tree is based on Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APG, 2009).