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A simplified overview of MAPK cascades involved in JA and SA signaling in plant species such as: A. thaliana (At), O. sativa (Os), Nicotiana tabacum (Nt), S. lycopersicum (Sl) and Z. mays (Zm). Activation of MAPKs by various stimuli causes phosphorylation of MAPK effectors (usually transcription factors) further triggering cellular responses. See text for details.
