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. 2018 Oct 8;9:1387. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01387

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Copyright © 2018 Jagodzik, Tajdel-Zielinska, Ciesla, Marczak and Ludwikow.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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ABA-regulated MAPKs in Arabidopsis and cotton. ABA promotes stomatal closing. The different cascades are distinguished by different colors in the scheme. Arrows with solid lines represent established signaling pathways, while arrows with dashed lines represent putative signaling pathways. In the presence of ABA, PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors bind the phytohormone and inhibit group A PP2Cs. These events result in activation of SnRK2s. Activated SnRK2s phosphorylate and activate downstream targets, including MAPKs, Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH) and Slowly Activating Anion Conductance (SLAC S-type). Active RBOH mediates ROS production. Note that in guard cells crosstalk between ABA signaling and ROS signaling may coincide at the MAPK level and regulates stomatal closure.