Table.

Work-Life Balance Concepts

Model	Defined	Example
Segmentation	A model of 2 distinct domains of life, such that no influence is experienced from one role to another56,57	The AT does not respond to e-mails or text messages or address administrative tasks when not at work, and, vice versa, does not address family or personal needs while at work. The AT can create and maintain certain work hours during the week.
Integration	Work and life are interchangeable roles. Work-life integration challenges the traditional mindset that work responsibilities can only be completed during the workday and that personal and family obligations are done after the workday or on the weekend.56,57	The AT may use downtime during the day to work out or have lunch with a spouse, or may respond to e-mails and complete injury updates at home once parenting responsibilities have been completed.
Spillover	The effect that one role can have on the other, such as how the load placed upon the employee in the workplace can influence, negatively or positively, the completion of responsibilities in the other roles54,55	The AT may be at home, eating dinner with family, when an emergency arises and he or she must go to work or, at minimum, manage the situation.
		Conversely, an AT may gain patience in dealing with student-athletes because he or she deals with small children at home.
Compensation	The premise that what is lost in one role can be supplemented in other roles54	A part-time, paid work position allows for more time at home with children, or, in contrast, an AT assumes a higher-paid position to provide financially, despite having less time available at home.
Instrumental	Success in 1 role facilitates successes in others, such as working hard, long hours to purchase a new home or car54	An AT who is promoted to associate or head AT receives a pay increase and is able to provide more for family.
		When an AT can bring family on road trips, they share the experience and spend more time together.
Conflict	An individual has high demands in all aspects and often becomes overloaded, resulting in conflict among roles	An AT who provides medical coverage for 2 sports with conflicting seasons, serves as a preceptor, and has young children at home may be susceptible to conflict.

Abbreviation: AT, athletic trainer.