Table 3.
General characteristics of included studies (n=91)
| Characteristics | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Publication year | ||
| • 2010 to Feb 2017 | 74 | 68.52 |
| • 2000–2009 | 33 | 30.56 |
| • 1999 | 1 | 0.93 |
| Study designs | ||
| • Randomized control trial | 105 | 97.22 |
| • Quasi-experiment | 2 | 1.85 |
| • Controlled before–after studies | 1 | 0.93 |
| Intervention | ||
| • Web-based | 67 | 62.04 |
| • Computer-based | 13 | 12.04 |
| • mHealth (SMS, apps) | 24 | 22.22 |
| • Others (social media, chat-room, and other electronic aids) | 4 | 3.70 |
| Settings | ||
| • USA | 58 | 53.70 |
| • Europe | 41 | 37.96 |
| • Australia and New Zealand | 6 | 5.56 |
| • Asia | 3 | 2.78 |
| Participants | ||
| • Adults | 64 | 59.26 |
| • Youth (from 15 to 24 years old) | 26 | 24.07 |
| • Patients with chronic disease, pregnant women | 18 | 16.67 |
| Multiple eHealth platforms | ||
| • Single eHealth platform | 43 | 40 |
| • Multiple eHealth platforms | 32 | 30 |
| • Combined with non-eHealth platform | 23 | 21 |
| • Combined with financial incentives | 4 | 4 |
| Theoretical framework | ||
| • Transtheoretical model | 25 | 23.15 |
| • Cognitive-behavioral therapy | 16 | 14.81 |
| • Social cognitive theory | 11 | 10.19 |
| • Multitheories | 20 | 18.52 |
| • Not available | 18 | 16.67 |
| • Others | 18 | 16.67 |
| Method to confirm smoking status | ||
| • Self-report | 74 | 68.52 |
| • Biochemically validation (CO breath test or | 34 | 31.48 |
| urine test) | ||
| Length of follow-up | ||
| • From 1 to <6 months | 32 | 29.63 |
| • From 6 to 12 months | 48 | 44.44 |
| • More than 12 months | 28 | 25.93 |
Abbreviations: CO, exhaled carbon monoxide; eHealth, electronic health; mHealth, mobile health.