Figure 4.
Markov chain Monte Carlo-based mechanistic model parameter estimates the Markov chains that minimized the mean square error for a normal person and a person with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The plot shows the distributions of 3 parameters, C2, an exponential term affecting insulin-independent glucose utilization, Rm, a linear constant affecting insulin secretion, and Um, a linear constant affecting insulin-dependent glucose utilization. The converged parameters take distinctly different values for each individual, revealing the type 2 diabetes phenotype as mechanistically different with parameters that are difficult to measure. While a full external validation of these phenotypic parameter estimates, the parameters are internally validated by minimizing the mean squared error. This plot shows the potential for DA to produce higher-fidelity, mechanistic-physiology anchored phenotypes.