Table 1.
Descriptive Measures and Statistics Between Groups
| Variables | Whole Sample | No ASE | ASE | Statistics ASE vs NoASE | Effect Size (d) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 75 | 45 | 30 | |||||||||||
| Age | 16.85 ± 2.48 (12–24) | 17.1 ± 2.91 (12.15–24.86) | 16.47 ± 1.61 (12.32–19.47) | t(73) = 1.21, P = .231 | (0.2) | |||||||||
| Gender | 36 Females 39 Males |
22 Females 23 Males |
14 Females 16 Males |
Chi-square(1) = .120, P = .729 | ||||||||||
| Externalizing scores | 54.91 ± 10 (30–76) | 52.67 ± 10.1 (30–73) | 58.46 ± 9.2 (40–76) | t(73) = −2.447, P = .017* | (−0.6) | |||||||||
| Internalizing scores | 52.21 ± 10.6 (32–82) | 51.31 ± 9.98 (32–68) | 53.79 ± 11.54 (32–82) | t(73) = −0.911, P = .365 | (−0.2) | |||||||||
| SPQ-positive | 7.05 ± 6.16 (0–27) | 5.44 ± 4.49 (0–18) | 9.46 ± 7.51 (0–27) | U = 420, Z = −2.766, P = .006** | (−0.6) | |||||||||
| SPQ-disorganized | 5.0 ± 3.70 (0–16) | 4.39 ± 3.45 (0–13) | 6.09 ± 3.92 (0–16) | U = 444, Z = −2.513, P = .012* | (−0.5) | |||||||||
| SPQ-negative | 5.66 ± 4.24 (0–18) | 5.2 ± 4.0 (0–14) | 6.36 ± 4.56 (0–18) | U = 553, Z = −1.324, P = .186 | (−0.3) | |||||||||
| Mean duration | 6.01 ± 15.68 (0–135.98) | 4.63 ± 8.6 (0–40.7) | 8.65 ± 22.84 (0–135) | U = 661, Z = −1.678, P = .038* | (−0.2) | |||||||||
| Cumulative duration | 86.7 ± 126.5 (0–815) | 0.13 ± 0.18 (0–1.04) | 0.18 ± 0.25 (0–1.36) | U = 534, Z = −1.317, P = .188 | (−0.2) | |||||||||
| First onset | 53.7 ± 82.6 (0–480) | 43.05 ± 62.66 (0–276) | 71.82 ± 107.4 (0–480) | U = 527, Z = −1.394, P = .163 | (−0.3) | |||||||||
| Frequency | 16.7 ± 15.6 (0–59) | 0.025 ± 0.028 (0–0.98) | 0.03 ± 0.023 (0–0.08) | U = 515, Z = −1.390, P = .190 | (−0.2) | |||||||||
| Variables | Whole sample(N=39) | Controls (N=32) | Persisters (N=22) | Remitters (N=24) | ||||||||||
| Y1 | Y2 | Stats | d | Y1 | Y2 | Stats | d | Y1 | Y2 | Stats | d | Chi-square Test | ||
| N | 78 | 16 | 16 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | |||||||
| Age | 16.92 ± 1.65 (12.33–20.31) | 16.25 ± 1.4 (12.7–18.8) | 17.78 ± 1.57 (14.2–20.3) | t(15) = −12.76, P = .00** | (−1) | 16.3 ± 1.28 (13.5–17.9) | 17.65 ± 1.36 (14.36–19.12) | t(10) = −12.32, P = .00** | (−1) | 16.35 ± 1.8 (12.33–19.04) | 17.41 ± 1.82 (13.48–20.07) | t(11) = −27.53, P = .00** | (0.6) | |
| Gender | 9 Females 7 Males |
7 Females 4 Males |
6 Females 6 Males | Chi-square = 0.434, P = .805 | ||||||||||
| Externalizing scores | 57.58 ± 9.1 (34–77) | 56.25 ± 8.3 (42–73) | 52.9 ± 8 (34–63) | t(15) = 1.07, P = .30 | (0.4) | 56.45 ± 8.74 (40–70) | 58.09 ± 8.64 (45–71) | t(10) = −0.87, P = .4 | (−0.1) | 61.92 ± 10.6 (38–76) | 60.25 ± 9.3 (48–77) | t(11) = 0.717, P = .48 | (0.2) | |
| Internalizing scores | 53.78 ± 9.42 (32–82) | 54.19 ± 8.49 (40–68) | 50.42 ± 10 (36–69) | t(15) = 0.43, P = .67 | (0.4) | 53.91 ± 14.2 (35–82) | 57.55 ± 6.2 (45–65) | t(10) = −1.15, P = .27 | (−0.3) | 54.58 ± 9.34 (32–66) | 52.25 ± 5.9 (44–67) | t(11) = 0.706, P = .49 | (0.3) | |
| SPQ-positive | 7.65 ± 5.6 (1–27) | 5.75 ± 3.1 (2–12) | 4 ± 2.9 (1–10) | t(11) = 1.57, P = .14 | (0.6) | 12.64 ± 9.3 (1–27) | 7.55 ± 5.13 (2–19) | t(10) = 2.72, P = .02* | (0.7) | 9.5 ± 5.4 (2–21) | 7.5 ± 2.9 (3–12) | t(11) = 1.2, P = .24 | (0.5) | |
| SPQ- disorganized | 5.41 ± 3.46 (0–16) | 4.5 ± 2.7 (0–9) | 2.08 ± 2.15 (0–6) | t(11) = 3.74, P = .003** | (1) | 7.82 ± 4 (2–16) | 6.09 ± 3.3 (2–12) | t(10) = 1.8, P = .1 | (0.5) | 5.67 ± 3.34 (0–13) | 6.83 ± 2.55 (2–11) | t(11) = −1.48, P = .17 | (−0.4) | |
| SPQ-negative | 6.22 ± 4.2 (0–18) | 5.31 ± 3 (0–10) | 5.08 ± 4 (0–15) | t(11) = 0.0, P = 1 | (0.06) | 8.09 ± 5.8 (0–18) | 7 ± 5.4 (0–14) | t(10) = 1.3, P = .22 | (0.2) | 6.08 ± 3.42 (2–11) | 6.25 ± 3.46 (1–13) | t(11) = −0.29, P = .77 | (−0.05) | |
| Mean duration | 4.67 ± 6.44 (0–40.7) | 5.28 ± 9.8 (0–40.7) | 3.54 ± 4.4 (0–12.6) | Z(15) = −0.72, P = .47 | (0.2) | 6.16 ± 8.2 (0–2821) | 3.72 ± 5.6 (0–20.13) | Z(10) = −1.96, P = .05 | (0.3) | 5.06 ± 3.46 (0.48–11.61) | 4.11 ± 3.9 (0–15.05) | Z(11) = −1.02, P = .31 | (0.2) | |
| Cumulative duration | 0.15 ± 0.16 (0–0.7) | 0.15 ± 0.17 (0–0.5) | 0.13 ± 0.15 (0–0.5) | Z(15) = −0.28, P = .78 | (0.12) | 0.19 ± 0.19 (0–0.7) | 0.12 ± 0.16 (0–0.57) | Z(10) = −1.87, P = .06 | (0.4) | 0.17 ± 0.11 (0–0.3) | 0.15 ± 0.18 (0–0.65) | Z(11) = −0.86, P = .38 | (0.1) | |
| First onset | 53 ± 98 (0–480.9) | 39.9 ± 56 (0–229) | 91.8 ± 167 (0–473) | t(15) = −0.16, P = .87 | (−0.4) | 40.74 ± 51.97 (0–180) | 18.13 ± 13.32 (0–38.71) | Z(10) = −0.98, P = .33 | (0.6) | 70.17 ± 131 (6.86–480.9) | 58.07 ± 87.9 (0–309.9) | Z(11) = −0.31, 0, P = .75 | (0.1) | |
| Frequency | 0.03 ± 0.02 (0–0.11) | 0.03 ± 0.03 (0–0.9) | 0.03 ± 0.03 (0–0.11) | Z(15) = −1.0, P = .31 | (0) | 0.03 ± 0.02 (0–0.06) | 0.03 ± 0.02 (0–0.06) | Z(10) = −0.25, P = .8 | (0) | 0.03 ± 0.02 (0–0.08) | 0.03 ± 0.02 (0–0.06) | Z(11) = −0.16, P = .87 | (0) | |
Note: Top: Cross-sectional analysis. Bottom: Longitudinal analysis.
*Correlation is significant at the .05 level (2-tailed); ** Correlation is significant at the .01 level (2-tailed).