Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies on the prevalence of childhood maltreatment among college students in China.
| Study | Geographic location | Sampling method | Measurement tool | No. of sampling sites | Sample size | Response rate | No. of maltreatment | Quality score | Stratification variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | CPA | CEA | CSA | CPN | CEN | |||||||||
| Wang CP/2017 | Shanxi | probability | CPANS | 3 | 500 | 92.6% | NR | NR | 227 | NR | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Yang L/2017 | Gansu, etc. | non-probability | CPANS | 3 | 388 | 92.4% | NR | NR | 102 | NR | NR | NR | 5 | NR |
| Si Q/2017 | Inner Mongolia | probability | CTQ | 1 | 219 | 83.9% | NR | 38 | 84 | 26 | 112 | 119 | 5 | NR |
| Guo LY/2015 | Liaoning | probability | CTQ | 3 | 999 | 89.0% | NR | NR | NR | 226 | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Niu Y/2015 | NR | probability | CTQ | 1 | 2653 | 93.2% | NR | 462 | 1719 | 599 | 1857 | 2134 | 6 | NR |
| Li J/2015 | Heilongjiang | probability | CTQ | 4 | 929 | 91.6% | NR | 174 | 584 | 155 | 748 | 763 | 5 | gender, residence |
| Ma YJ/2015 | NR | probability | CTQ | 1 | 247 | 61.8% | NR | 69 | 142 | 63 | 151 | 174 | 4 | NR |
| Chen C/2015 | Liaoning | probability | CTQ | 1 | 809 | 89.9% | 253 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Jia GZ/2015 | Shandong | probability | CTQ | 4 | 1000 | 90.9% | NR | 226 | 972 | 157 | 476 | 747 | 6 | gender, residence |
| Guo LY/2015 | Liaoning | probability | CTQ | 1 | 217 | 90.4% | 191 | 73 | 150 | 73 | 137 | 138 | 5 | NR |
| Jin YY/2015 | Anhui | probability | CTQ | 1 | 932 | 94.6% | NR | 106 | 325 | 179 | 200 | 375 | 6 | gender, residence |
| Ji Y/2014 | Hebei, etc. | non-probability | CTQ | >4 | 213 | 88.8% | NR | 42 | 148 | 41 | 157 | 166 | 3 | NR |
| Wang JH/2014 | Heilongjiang | probability | CTQ | 4 | 450 | 95.3% | 212 | 33 | 181 | 54 | 189 | 186 | 6 | gender, residence |
| Li WT/2014 | NR | probability | CTQ | 1 | 2845 | 92.9% | NR | 560 | NR | 546 | 2096 | 2216 | 5 | NR |
| Wang JH/2014 | Heilongjiang | probability | CTQ | >4 | 475 | 95.0% | 416 | 88 | 181 | 99 | 268 | 338 | 6 | NR |
| Li HZ/2013 | Zhejiang | NR | CPANS | 2 | 468 | 93.6% | NR | NR | 96 | NR | NR | NR | 4 | NR |
| Cui NX/2013 | Shandong | non-probability | ACE | 1 | 492 | 91.5% | 229 | 4 | 8 | 55 | 39 | 123 | 6 | NR |
| Zhu XH/2012 | Jiangsu | probability | PRCA | 3 | 2374 | 97.6% | NR | 337 | 745 | 38 | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Ma JF/2012 | Xinjiang | probability | ACE | 1 | 475 | 99.4% | 366 | 57 | 172 | 107 | 98 | 46 | 6 | gender, residence |
| Fan YG/2011 | Anhui | probability | ACE | 1 | 1071 | 97.0% | 728 | 288 | 41 | 94 | 149 | 287 | 6 | gender, residence |
| Yuan H/2011 | Tianjin | probability | CPANS | 1 | 450 | 80.3% | NR | NR | 97 | NR | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Huang H/2011 | Heilongjiang | probability | CPANS | 2 | 448 | 89.6% | NR | NR | 94 | NR | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Yang SC/2011 | Henan | probability | CECA.Q | 1 | 733 | 97.7% | NR | 34 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Ji Y/2011 | Hebei | non-probability | CTQ | 1 | 215 | 89.6% | NR | 35 | 101 | 23 | 120 | 143 | 3 | NR |
| Zeng Q/2011 | NR | probability | CTQ | 1 | 667 | 91.0% | NR | 195 | 331 | 218 | 667 | 667 | 5 | NR |
| He Y/2010 | Hunan, etc. | non-probability | CTQ | 3 | 412 | 96.0% | NR | 111 | 266 | 110 | 371 | 368 | 5 | NR |
| Su Y/2009 | Anhui | probability | ACE | 3 | 758 | 93.6% | 454 | 237 | 27 | 17 | 217 | 126 | 7 | gender |
| Xie ZJ/2008 | Hunan | probability | CPANS | 2 | 457 | 91.4% | NR | NR | 99 | NR | NR | NR | 6 | gender |
| Ling H/2008 | Hunan | probability | CECA.Q | 2 | 313 | 97.8% | NR | 21 | NR | 21 | NR | NR | 6 | NR |
| Cai XJ/2008 | Inner Mongolia | probability | CTQ | 1 | 270 | 90.0% | NR | 47 | 122 | 54 | 230 | 227 | 5 | NR |
| Liao Y/2006 | Hunan | probability | CPANS | 2 | 216 | 85.7% | NR | NR | 45 | NR | NR | NR | 5 | gender |
| Yao J/2006 | Anhui | probability | ACE | 3 | 2073 | 86.9% | 1408 | 553 | 80 | 127 | 616 | 317 | 7 | gender, residence |
Note. NR = none reported; CPA = physical abuse; CEA = emotional abuse; CSA = sexual abuse; CPN = physical neglect; CEN = emotional neglect; CTQ = Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CPANS = Child Psychological Abuse and Neglect Scale; ACE = Adverse Childhood Experience; CECA.Q = Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire; PRCA = Personal Report of Childhood Abuse