Table 4. Overview about studies investigated personality-related factors and their empirical evidence.
| Objective I | Objective 2 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | Measurement Methods | Design and Statistical Analysis | Empirical Evidence | ||||||||
| Study | Size (N) | Development stage | Performance level T1 | Investigated predictor variable | Diagnostic | Criterion variable (Selection level T2) | Prognostic period | Dimension of domains | Procedures | Significant predictor variable | Significant effect sizes (reconstructed if not given) between groups |
| Figueiredo et al. (2009) | 159 | U12-U15 | regional clubs Portugal | Goal Orientation | TEOSQ | continue playing level (elite vs. club and drop-out) | 2 years | multidimensional | MANOVA, ANOVA, post-hoc | none | n.s. |
| Forsman et al. (2016) | 114 | U16-U19 | youth academies Finland | Mental Skills | PSIS | professional (elite vs. sub-elite) | 4 years | multidimensional | logistic regression, t-test | Motivational skills | d = 0.79* |
| Höner & Feichtinger (2016) | 1701 / 1804 | U12-U15 | talent development program Germany | Achievement Motive, Sport Orientation, Task and Ego Orientation, Volitional Components, Physical Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy, Competition Anxiety | AMS; TEOSQ; SOQ; VCS; PSC; SES; CAI-T | drafted for youth academies (YA vs. NS) | 4 years | unidimensional | Logistic regression analysis, ANOVA, Tukey test | Hope for success, fear of failure, completion orientation, goal orientation, task orientation, self-estimation, general self-concept, specific self-concept, self-efficacy, worry | d = 0.27*, d = 0.21*, d = 0.26*, d = 0.20*, d = 0.20*, d = 0.23*, d = 0.22*, d = 0.30, d = 0.19*, d = 0.20* |
| Huijgen et al. (2014) | 113 | U16-U19 | youth academy Netherlands | Goal Orientation, Mental Skills | TEOSQ, PSIS | continue playing level (selected vs. deselected) | < 1 year | multidimensional | MANCOVA, Post-hoc; Discriminant analysis | none | n.s |
| Van Yperen (2009) | 65 | U16-U19† | youth academy Netherlands | Goal Commitment, Coping, Seeking Social Support | Van Yperen Scale | professional (successful vs. unsuccessful) | 15 years | unidimensional | ANCOVAs; Discriminant analysis | Goal Commitment, Coping, Seeking Social Support | d = 0.86*, d = 0.6* |
| Zuber et al. (2016) | 119 | U12-U15 | talent development program Swiss | Achievement Motive | AMS | drafted for youth national team or regional clubs (NT vs. RC and NS) | 1 year | multidimensional | LICUR analysis | none | n.s. |
| Zuber et al. (2015) | 92 | U12-U15 | talent development program Swiss | Achievement Motive, Orientation, Self-Determination | AMS, SOQ | drafted for youth national teams (NT vs. NS) | 1 year | unidimensional | LICUR analysis | Hope for success, self-determination | d = 0.74*, d = 0.81* |
| Zuber & Conzelmann (2014) | 140 | U12-U15 | talent development program Swiss | Achievement Motive | AMS | coaches rated the performance of their players (fictions NT vs. NS) | < 1 year | unidimensional | Structural equation models | Hope for success | r = 0.27* |
Note. Criterion variable: Youth national team (NT); Regional club (RC); Youth academy (YA); Non-selected (NS)
*p < 0.05
†There are a few players who are under the age of 16