Table 1.
Comparison of carriage rate of the two seasons and a comparison of the placebo groups and the probiotics groups. Odds ratios (OR) and p-values were calculated by two-tailed Fisher’s exact test.
| Carriage rate, % (95% CI) | OR (95% CI)* | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||
| Season 1 (2014) | 27.7 (20.3–35.0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Season 2 (2015) | 24.3 (17.3–31.3%) | 0.840 (0.477–1.477) | 0.589 |
| End of intervention | |||
| Season 1 placebo group | 60.7 (48.4–72.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Season 2 placebo group | 69.6 (58.7–80.4%) | 1.478 (0.674–3.268) | 0.356 |
| Season 1 probiotics group | 76.2 (65.7–86.7%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Season 2 probiotics group | 63.1 (51.3–74.8%) | 0.536 (0.229–1.228) | 0.127 |
| Placebo group | 65.4 (57.2–73.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Probiotics group | 69.5 (61.6–77.5%) | 1.207 (0.694–2.107) | 0.508 |
| Overall carriage rate | |||
| Baselinea | 26.0 (20.8–31.1%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| End of interventionb | 67.4 (61.7–73.2%) | 5.884 (4.007–8.715) | <0.001c |
aMean of season 1 (2014) and season 2 (2015). bMean of the placebo group and the probiotics group. cComparison of the baseline and the end of intervention. *Calculated by Fisher’s Exact Test in RStudio. CI: confidence intervals, OR: odds ratio.