Table 1.
General characteristics of the study populations.
| Diabetic cohorts | Non-diabetic cohorts | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GenodiabMar | TwinsUK (diabetics) | Kora (diabetics) | TwinsUK | Kora (non-diabetic) | YoungFinns | |
| n | 655 | 111 | 160 | 1168 | 1624 | 2046 |
| Zygosity (MZ/DZ/Single) | 30/4/77 | 466/546/156 | ||||
| Age (years) | 69.70 (±9.32) | 68.64 (±8.38) | 66.74 (±7.44) | 64.83 (±7.91) | 60.30 (±8.83) | 41.88 (±5.00) |
| Gender (female) | 256 (39.1%) | 105 (94.6%) | 71 (44.4%) | 1118 (95.7%) | 845 (52.0%) | 1115 (54.5%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.32 (±5.05) | 29.33 (±5.55) | 31.48 (±5.53) | 26.05 (±4.61) | 27.82 (±4.58) | 26.54 (±5.05) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1. 73 m2) | 58.64 (±28.83) | 75.80 (±17.64) | 76.59 (±18.15) | 79.87 (±14.53) | 87.80 (±15.38) | 94.75 (±12.53) |
| creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.26 (±0.62) | 0.84 (±0.24) | 0.96 (±0.48) | 0.80 (±0.16) | 0.83 (±0.23) | 0.87 (±0.15) |
| CKD* (grades 1/2/3/4/5) N and (%) | 116/213/202/72/52 (17.7/32.5/30.8/10.9/7.9) | 20/76/12/3/0 (18/68.4/10.8/2.7/0) | 39/95/24/1/1 (24.3/59.3/15/0.6/0.6) | 322/726/118/2/0 (27.5/62.1/10.1/0.1/0) | 795/752/73/2/2 (48.9/46.3/4.4/0.1/0.1) | 1339/699/7/1/0 (65.4/34.1/0.3/0.04/0) |
MZ = monozygotic, DZ = dizygotic. BMI = Body mass index. eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI equation).
*Grades of Chronic Kidney Disease are stratified per KDIGO recommendation56 as: G2 60–89, G3 59–30, G4 15–29 and G5 < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Values for categorical variables are given as n (percentage); values for continuous variable as mean (±SD).