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. 2018 Oct 15;8:15276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33215-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tsu1.1 has effects on food intake by increasing meal frequency. A single-fly feeding assay was used to assess total food intake, the average number of meals, meal duration, and meal size over a 6 h period in 5–7 day old adult Canton-S males. (A) Flies injected with Tsu1.1 toxin consumed more: +93.3 nl [95 CI 41.6, 141.49], g = + 0.55, P = 0.0002, N = 106, 112. (B) Average number of feed bounts where Tsu 1.1 injected flies displayed a dramatic increase: ∆feeding bouts +8.64 [95 CI 0.53, 17.23], g = + 0.53, p = 0.047, N = 106, 112. (C, D) Mean meal duration and volume per feed showed only minor alterations after injection of Tsu1.1. (E–H) The feeding behavioral effect of Tv1 dissected into volume intake, feed count, feed duration and volume per feed. All metrics showed only trivial differences. The data represent the mean differences with their 95% CI. Control data are depicted in grey, and teretoxin injected-fly data in orange. The numbers below each column denote the effect size and sample sizes (N) for each experiment.