Table 7.
Effect of TT extracts on plasma levels of T, DHT, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 of male boxers trained with high-intensity or high-volume (mean ± SD).
| Baseline |
High-intensity training |
High-volume training |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E | E + TT | E | E + TT | E | E + TT | |
| T (nmol/L) | 15.8 ± 3.0 | 15.4 ± 6.8 | 18.1 ± 4.5 | 16.0 ± 4.0 | 18.3 ± 4.6 | 16.9 ± 7.1 |
| DHT (ng/mL) | 817.0 ± 298.3 | 880.3 ± 348.9 | 776.2 ± 157.5 | 719.2 ± 231.3 | 788.8 ± 180.5 | 774.1 ± 272.0 |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 224.4 ± 29.1 | 243.0 ± 46.9 | 179.1 ± 29.9 | 202.0 ± 52.0 | 208.5 ± 39.5 | 215.5 ± 53.8 |
| IGFBP-3 (ng/mL) | 3605.0 ± 807.2 | 3784.0 ± 1049.6 | 3950.8 ± 479.3 | 3075.5 ± 1072.5*,# | 3632.7 ± 470.1 | 2946.4 ± 974.1*,# |
Abbreviations: DHT = dihydrotestosterone; E = exercise; E + TT = exercise plus TT; IGF-1 = insulin growth factor-1; IGFBP-3 = insulin growth factor binding protein-3; T = testosterone; TT = Tribulus terrestris.
*
p < 0.05, compared with the baseline values in the same group;
#
p < 0.05, compared with E group after the same training.