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. 2018 Oct 9;9:1383. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01383

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Copyright © 2018 Molina, Abu-Taha, Wang, Roselló-Díez, Kamler, Nattel, Ravens, Wehrens, Hove-Madsen, Heijman and Dobrev.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Spontaneous Ca²⁺-release events in isolated human atrial cardiomyocytes. (A) Representative recordings of NCX-mediated transient-inward current (I_NCX) in atrial cardiomyocytes from Ctl, HFrEF, cAF or HFrEF-cAF patients. (B,C) Frequency (B) and amplitude (C) of spontaneous I_NCX in the four groups. Numbers in bars indicate number of cells/number of patients. ^∗ indicates P < 0.05 vs. Ctl.