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. 2018 Oct 9;9:1383. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01383

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Copyright © 2018 Molina, Abu-Taha, Wang, Roselló-Díez, Kamler, Nattel, Ravens, Wehrens, Hove-Madsen, Heijman and Dobrev.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Molecular determinants of increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ load. (A) Representative Western blot examples of protein expression of Na⁺-Ca²⁺-exchanger type-1 (NCX1; full-length protein of 160 kDa with proteolytic fragment at 120 kDa), SR Ca²⁺-ATPase type-2a (SERCA2a) and its inhibitory regulators phospholamban (PLB; total PLB as well as Ser16- and Thr17-phosphorylated PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN). GAPDH was used as loading control. Ser16-PLB of HFrEF-cAF represents an extreme example. (B) Quantification of NCX1, SERCA2a, total PLB, Ser16- and Thr17-phosphorylated PLB, Ser16/total PLB, Thr17/total PLB, and SLN in right-atrial tissue homogenates of Ctl (white bars), HFrEF (blue bars) or HFrEF-cAF (red/blue-striped bars). Numbers in bars indicate number of patients. ^∗ indicates P < 0.05 vs. Ctl, ^# indicates P < 0.05 vs. HFrEF.