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. 2018 Oct 9;9:1383. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01383

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Copyright © 2018 Molina, Abu-Taha, Wang, Roselló-Díez, Kamler, Nattel, Ravens, Wehrens, Hove-Madsen, Heijman and Dobrev.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Single-channel recordings of cardiac ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) channels. (A) Representative RyR2 single-channel recording in a right-atrial sample from a Ctl, HFrEF or HFrEF-cAF patient. Upward deflections reflect channel opening. (B–D) Quantification of open probability (B), mean open time (C), and mean closed time (D) of single RyR2 channels from Ctl (white bars/symbols), HFrEF (blue bars/symbols) or HFrEF-cAF (red/blue-striped bars/symbols) patients. Numbers represent number of channels/number of patients. ^∗ indicates P < 0.05 vs. Ctl, ^# indicates P < 0.05 vs. HFrEF.