Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patient samples used for voltage-clamp recordings in isolated atrial cardiomyocytes.
| Ctl | HFrEF | cAF | HFrEF-cAF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (n) | 37 | 8 | 20 | 8 |
| Female gender | 22 (59.5%) | 5 (62.5%) | 12 (60.0%) | 2 (25.0%) |
| Age (years) | 62.6 ± 2.20 | 69.9 ± 4.10 | 69.0 ± 1.83 | 64.8 ± 7.20 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| CAD | 11 (29.7%) | 4 (50.0%) | 3 (15.0%) | 1 (12.5%) |
| AVD/MVD | 19 (51.4%) | 2 (25.0%) | 13 (65.0%) | 5 (62.5%) |
| CAD + AVD/MVD | 7 (18.9%) | 2 (25.0%) | 4 (20.0%) | 2 (25.0%) |
| Hypertension | 18 (48.6%) | 4 (50%) | 14 (70.0%) | 3 (37.5%) |
| Diabetes | 11 (29.7%) | 3 (37.5%) | 7 (35.0%) | 1 (12.5%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 20 (54.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 9 (45.0%) | 3 (37.5%) |
| LAD (mm) | 39.5 ± 1.3 | 43.3 ± 5.1 | 52.3 ± 3.04∗ | 47.7 ± 4.2 |
| LVEF (%) | 64.5 ± 1.9 | 25.1 ± 2.4∗ | 52.4 ± 1.40∗,# | 28.7 ± 4.4∗,$ |
| Digitalis | 1 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (30.0%)* | 4 (50.0%)* |
| ACE inhibitors | 10 (27.0%) | 3(37.5%) | 8 (40.0%) | 2 (25.0%) |
| AT1 blockers | 8 (21.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (30.0%) | 1 (12.5%) |
| Beta-blockers | 13 (35.1%) | 5 (62.5%) | 10 (50.0%) | 3 (37.5%) |
| Calcium-antagonists | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Diuretics | 8 (21.6%) | 3 (37.5%) | 10 (50.0%) | 5 (62.5%) |
| Nitrates | 13 (35.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 19 (51.3%) | 4 (50%) | 9 (45.0%) | 2 (25%) |
Values are presented as mean ± SEM or number of patients (%). ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AT, angiotensin receptor; AVD/MVD, aortic/mitral valve disease; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; N/A, not available. ∗ indicates P < 0.05 vs. Ctl, # indicates P < 0.05 vs. HFrEF, $ indicates P < 0.05 vs. cAF. CAD, AVD/MVD, and CAD + AVD/MVD reflect the indications for cardiac surgery (bypass surgery, valve replacement or a combination of both).