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. 2018 Oct 9;9:2312. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02312

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Copyright © 2018 Dong, Bhide, Sicca, Meijerhof, Guilfoyle, Engelhardt, Boon, de Haan, Carnell, Temperton, de Vries-Idema, Kelvin and Huckriede.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The cross-protective potential of antibodies induced by sequential infection or immunization. Mice (n = 5) were primed with PR8 virus (10³TCID₅₀) or PR8 WIV (15 μg) and boosted with X-31 virus (10³TCID₅₀) or X-31 WIV (15 μg). Mice primed and boosted with PBS served as negative control and mice primed and boosted with A(H1N1)pdm09 WIV (15 μg) served as positive control. Sera from these mice were collected 4 weeks after boost, pooled and injected into naïve mice 1 day before challenge with A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 virus. Body weight loss (A) was monitored daily for 6 days. Virus titers in the lung tissue (B) on day 6 post-challenge were determined by titration on MDCK cells. ^**p < 0.01, Mann-Whitney U-test. The dashed line represents limit of detection. NS, not significant.