Table 1.

Pro- and anticoagulatory factors in patients with end-stage liver disease

	Increased bleeding risk	Increased risk for thrombosis/thromboembolism
Primary hemostasis	platelet count ↓ functional defects nitric oxide ↑ prostacyclin ↑	vWF levels ↑ ADAMTS 13 ↓
Secondary hemostasis	factor I, II, V, VII, IX, X levels ↓	antithrombin ↓ protein C and S ↓ factor VIII levels ↑ heparin cofactor 2 ↓
Fibrinolysis	t-PA activity ↑ / PAI-1 ↓ factor XIII levels ↓ TAFI ↓ a2 antiplasmin ↓	plasminogen ↓
Hemodynamic alterations	portal pressure ↑	portal venous blood flow ↓ venous stasis due to immobilization

vWF = von-Willebrand factor; ADAMTS 13 = a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13; t-PA = tissue plasminogen activator; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor, TAFI = thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor.