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Advection of dye by the dipole flow shown in the midplane of the droplet. The initial state (a) and stretching in steady dipole flow at t = 6 (b) and t = 24 (c). Stretching and folding in a time-periodic flow obtained by rotating its direction by 90° in the horizontal plane every six time units. At t = 12 (d), t = 18 (e), and t = 24 (f). Reprinted with permission from [150]. Copyright 2005, AIP Publishing LLC.
