Table A1.

Summary of foodborne pathogens, toxins, pesticides and insecticides, heavy metals and food additives for food and water analyses on paper-based platforms.

Target	μPAD Wall Fabrication Method	Paper Substrate	Detection Method	Linear Detection Range	LOD	Real Sample Application	Reference
Pathogens
E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	-	106 CFU mL−1, 104 CFU mL−1, 108 CFU mL−1	Bologna	[ 32]
Salmonella	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	CL	-	2.6 × 107 CFU mL−1	-	[ 33]
S. Typhimurium	Photolithography	Chromatography paper	Optical (Mie scattering)	102–105 CFU mL−1*	102 CFU mL−1	-	[ 46]
S. aureus, S. enterica	Cutting by punching (PDMS/paper/glass hybrid)	Whatman chromatography paper	FL	104–106 CFU mL−1, 42.2–675.0 CFU mL−1	800.0 CFU mL−1, 61.0 CFU mL−1	-	[ 60]
E. coli	-	Millipore MCE membrane filter	Colorimetric and bioluminescence	-	4 CFU mL−1	-	[ 57]
E. coli	Wax pencil drawing and PDMS screen printing	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	-	57 CFU mL−1	Drinking water	[ 30]
Pesticides and Herbicides
2,4-D	-	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	CL	-	1.0 pM	Tap water, lake water	[ 49]
Paraoxon, Malathion	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	1 × 10−8–ca. 1 × 10−6 M	10 nM	-	[ 34]
Methyl-paraoxon, Chlorpyrifos-oxon	Polymer screen-printing	Whatman No. 4 filter paper	Colorimetric	0–0.1 μg·mL−1, 0–60 ng·mL−1	18 ng·mL−1, 5.3 ng·mL−1	For methyl-paraoxon: cabbage, dried green mussel	[ 42]
Dichlorvos	Cutting	Whatman 3MM Chr chromatography paper	CL	10 ng·mL−1–1.0 μg·mL−1	3.6 ng·mL−1	Cucumber, tomato, cabbage	[ 20]
Dichlorvos	Cutting	Whatman 3MM Chr chromatography paper	CL	3.0 ng·mL−1–1.0 μg·mL−1	0.8 ng·mL−1	Cabbage, tomato	[ 21]
Methomyl, Profenofos	Cutting	Canson paper	Colorimetric	-	6.16 × 10−4 mM, 0.27 mM	-	[ 58]
PCP	Wax screen-printing	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	PEC	0.01–100 ng·mL−1	4 pg·mL−1	-	[ 50]
Methyl viologen (paraquat)	Cutting	Whatman filter paper	FL	0.39 μmol·L−1–3.89 μmol·L−1	0.16 μmol·L−1	-	[ 67]
Food Additives
Glucose	Cutting by punching	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Electrochemical	1–5 mM	0.18 mM	Commercial soda beverages	[ 51]
Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Electrochemical	-	270 nM, 340 nM, 430 nM	Coca-Cola™, Orange Powerade™, Strawberry Lemonade Powerade™, Red Bull™, Vitamin Water™	[ 35]
Glucose	Paraffin stamping	Whatman grade 1 paper	PS-MS	1–500 μmol·L−1	2.77 μmol·L−1	Liquors	[ 43]
Sunset yellow, Lemon yellow	Cutting	Filter paper	SERS	-	10−5 M, 10−4 M	Grape juice, orange juice	[ 22]
Nitrite	Paraffin stamping	JProLab JP 40 filter paper	Colorimetric	0–100 μM	5.6 μM	Ham, sausage, preservative water	[ 44]
Nitrite	Alkylsilane assembling and UV-lithography	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	0.156–2.50 mM	-	Processed red cubilose	[ 52]
Nitrite	Indelible ink contact stamping	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	-	0.52 mg·L−1	-	[ 45]
Nitrite, Nitrate	Inkjet printing	Whatman No. 1 and No.4 filter papers	Colorimetric	10–150 μM, 50–1000 μM	1.0 μM, 19 μM	Tap water, mineral water, pond water	[ 53]
Metals
Pb(II)	Photolithography	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	Electrochemical	0–100 ppb	1.0 ppb	-	[ 47]
Hg(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI), Ni(II)	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 paper	Colorimetric	-	~0.5–1 ppm	-	[ 31]
Pb(II), Cd(II)	Cutting	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Electrochemical	10–100 ppb	2.0 ppb, 2.3 ppb	Carbonated electrolyte drinks	[ 54]
As(III)	Cutting	Whatman filter paper	Colorimetric	-	1.0 ppb	-	[ 23]
Pb(II), Cu(II)	Cutting	Whatman filter paper	Colorimetric	-	≤10.0 ppb for both	-	[ 24]
Cu(II)	Cutting	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	7.8–62.8 μM	7.8 nM or 0.5 μg·L−1	Drinking water	[ 25]
Cu(II)	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	0.5–200 ng·mL−1	0.3 ng·mL−1	Drinking water, ground water, tomato, rice	[ 36]
Cu(II)	Inkjet printing	Whatman No. 4 filter paper	Colorimetric	0.1–30.0 mg·L−1	0.6 mg·L−1	Hot tap water	[ 55]
Hg(II)	Wax screen printing	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Colorimetric	5–75 ppm	0.12 ppm	Commercial bottled drinking water, tap water	[ 41]
Hg(II), Ag(I), NEO	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	FL	0–3 μM, 0–1.75 μM, 0–2 μM	121 nM, 47 nM, 153 nM	-	[ 37]
Cu(II), Cr(VI), Ni(II)	Wax patterning	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	Colorimetric	-	≥0.8 mg·L−1, >0.5 mg·L−1, ≥0.5 mg·L−1	Tap water	[ 28]
Fe	Photolithography	Advantec No. 51B chromatography paper	Colorimetric	8.9–89 μM	3.96 μM	Tap water, river water	[ 48]
Others
Ethanol	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	Electrochemical	0.1–3 mM	0.1 mM	Water	[ 38]
Phenol, Bisphenol A, Dopamine, Catechol, m-Cresol p-Cresol	Cutting by hole punching	Fisherbrand P5 filter paper	Colorimetric	1–400 μg·L−1, 1–200 μg·L−1, 1–300 μg·L−1, 1–300 μg·L−1, 1–500 μg·L−1, 1–200 μg·L−1	0.86 (±0.102) μg·L−1 for each of the phenolic compounds	Tap water, river water	[ 59]
Bromide, Iodide, Chloride	-	Whatman RC60 regenerated cellulose membrane filter	Electrochemical	10−4.8–0.1 M for bromide and iodide, 10−4.8–0.6 M for chloride	10−5 M	Food supplement, seawater, mineral water, tap water, river water	[ 56]
Iodate	Wax printing	Ahlstrom 319 paper	Colorimetric	0.8–15 ppm iodine atoms from iodate	0.8 ppm iodine atoms	Iodized salt	[ 39]
MC-LR	Wax printing	Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper	Electrochemical	0.01–200 μg·mL−1	0.004 μg·mL−1	-	[ 40]
B[a]P	Wax patterning and screen printing	Whatman No. 1 filter paper	ECL	0.15–12.5 μM	~150 nM	Chicken skin	[ 29]