| ϑa: | Torsional angle of actuators; | ϑm: | Torsional angle of mirror plate; |
| m1: | Mass of actuators; | m2: | Mass of connecting bars; |
| k1: | Stiffness of actuators; | k2: | Stiffness of connecting bars; |
| km: | Stiffness of mirror; | lc: | Length of connecting bars; |
| Ieffm : | Effective moment of inertia of mirror; | MPZT: | Torque delivered by PZT; |
| K: | Geometric matching factor. | ||