Table 1.
Speed of bubble-driven microomtors. Reproduced with permission from [32,52,54,58,59,64,75,88,89,90,91].
| Type of the Micromotors | Morphology | Condition | Schematic | Length | Radius | Max. Speed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Janus micromotors [88] | Al/Pd bimetallic Janus micromotors | Strong acid (HCl, 100 mM) and strong base (NaOH, 100 mM) |  |
2.5–15 μm | 200 μm/s | |
| Tubular micomotors [52] | PEDOT/Zn tubular micromotors | Under the gastric acidic condition (pH up to 2) at phsiological temperature |  |
20 μm | 5 μm | 60 μm/s |
| Conical micromotors [58] | PEDOT/MnO2 tubular micromotors | In very low levels of hydrogen peroxide down to 0.4% |  |
8 μm | 1 μm | 318.8 μm/s |
| Tubular micromotors [59] | Pure platinum micro/nanotubes | At 1–3% concentration of hydrogen peroxide. |  |
15.68 μm | 4.66 μm | 379.77 μm/s |
| Tubular microengines [75] | Tubular microengines using fruit tissue cells as the support of the deposited metal layer | In 3% concentration of hydrogen peroxide |  |
50 μm | 1.5 μm | 1000 μm/s |
| Shell micromotors [32] | Au/Ag/Pt nanoshell micromotors | In 5% concentration of hydrogen peroxide |  |
1–15 μm | 100 μm/s | |
| Conical micromotors [64] | PEDOT/platinum multilayer conical micromotors | In 1% concentration of hydrogen peroxide containing 1% Triton X-100 |  |
100 μm | 10 μm | 100 μm/s |
| Janus micromotots [54] | Al–Ga/Ti Janus microparticles | Pure water |  |
10 μm | 3000 μm/s | |
| Janus capsule micromotors [89] | Partially coated dendritic platinum nanoparticles | At 30% concentration of hydrogen peroxide |  |
8 μm | 1000 μm/s | |
| Rod micromotors [90] | Catalytic Pt–Au nanorod motors | At 3% concentration of hydrogen peroxide |  |
100 μm | 1 μm | 50 μm/s |
| Carbon nanotube [91] | Au/Pt carbon nanotubes | At 15 wt % aqueous H2O2 fuel |  |
1 μm | 0.11 μm | 50–60 μm/s (up to above 200 μm/s) |