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Isometric force measurements of live V. convallaria (reproduced from [16]). (A) V. convallaria stalled by viscous drag in a microchannel. The leftmost picture shows extended state, and the subsequent show contracted states under different flow conditions; (B) measured isometric tensions increased from 150 to 330 nN with a linear dependence on the stalk length, which suggests that the 1 μm of the spasmoneme can generate a tension of up to ~2.5 nN.
