Table 3.
Association between atopic eczema and cardiovascular outcomes. Fitted to patients with complete data for all variables included in the models and from valid matched sets* (n=1 915 916, 1 842 759 unique patients)
| Variables | No | Patient years at risk | Events | Hazard ratio (99% CI)† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted‡ | Mediation model§ | |||||
| Primary outcomes | |||||||
| Myocardial infarction: | |||||||
| Unexposed | 1 528 477 | 9 361 522 | 17 178 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Exposed | 387 439 | 2 569 214 | 5561 | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) | 1.06 (0.98 to 1.15) | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.13) | |
| Unstable angina: | |||||||
| Unexposed | 1 528 477 | 9 392 370 | 7059 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Exposed | 387 439 | 2 578 165 | 2460 | 1.22 (1.14 to 1.31) | 1.25 (1.11 to 1.41) | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.32) | |
| Heart failure: | |||||||
| Unexposed | 1 528 477 | 9 375 383 | 16 983 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Exposed | 387 439 | 2 570 412 | 6441 | 1.21 (1.16 to 1.26) | 1.19 (1.10 to 1.30) | 1.17 (1.08 to 1.28) | |
| Atrial fibrillation: | |||||||
| Unexposed | 1 528 477 | 9 316 331 | 28 571 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Exposed | 387 439 | 2 552 311 | 9892 | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.16) | 1.11 (1.04 to 1.18) | 1.07 (1.00 to 1.15) | |
| Stroke: | |||||||
| Unexposed | 1 528 477 | 9 361 252 | 21 387 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Exposed | 387 439 | 2 568 749 | 7149 | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.12) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.19) | 1.08 (1.00 to 1.16) | |
| Cardiovascular death: | |||||||
| Unexposed | 1 528 477 | 9 427 420 | 30 116 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Exposed | 387 439 | 2 590 305 | 10 813 | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.06) | 0.96 (0.89 to 1.03) | |
| Secondary outcome | |||||||
| Coronary revascularisation: | |||||||
| Unexposed | 1 528 477 | 9 358 381 | 16 195 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |
| Exposed | 387 439 | 2 567 932 | 5056 | 1.12 (1.07 to 1.17) | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.24) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) | |
Matched sets including one exposed patient and at least one unexposed patient.
Estimated hazard ratios from Cox regression with current age as underlying timescale, stratified by matched set (matched on age at cohort entry, sex, general practice, and date at cohort entry).
Adjusted for current calendar period (1997-99, 2000-04, 2005-09, 2010-15), time since diagnosis (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, ≥20 years), index of multiple deprivation at cohort entry, and time-varying asthma.
Adjusted additionally for body mass index and smoking at cohort entry, and time-varying hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, depression, anxiety, diabetes, and severe alcohol use.