Table 3.
Factors associated with meeting minimum dietary diversity (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95 % CI) among children (n 8364) aged 6–23 months from three economically diverse South-East Asian countries*
| Cambodia (n 2096) | Myanmar (n 1336) | Indonesia (n 5160) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | AOR | 95 % CI | P | AOR | 95 % CI | P | AOR | 95 % CI | P |
| Socio-economic | |||||||||
| Maternal educational level | |||||||||
| No education/primary | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| Secondary/higher | 1·13 | 0·90, 1·42 | 0·277 | 1·39 | 1·00, 1·94 | 0·050 | 1·37 | 1·18, 1·59 | 0·000 |
| Maternal active labour force participation | |||||||||
| Not working (past 12 months) | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| Low | 1·00 | 0·78, 1·29 | 0·999 | 1·11 | 0·78, 1·59 | 0·550 | 1·08 | 0·93, 1·24 | 0·324 |
| High | 1·10 | 0·85, 1·41 | 0·475 | 1·17 | 0·82, 1·66 | 0·382 | 1·28 | 1·06, 1·53 | 0·009 |
| Household wealth | |||||||||
| Poorest | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | v | |
| Poorer | 1·26 | 0·96, 1·66 | 0·100 | 0·99 | 0·64, 1·53 | 0·970 | 1·27 | 1·05, 1·54 | 0·014 |
| Middle | 1·73 | 1·28, 2·35 | 0·000 | 1·24 | 0·80, 1·93 | 0·334 | 1·53 | 1·25, 1·87 | 0·000 |
| Richer | 1·16 | 0·83, 1·62 | 0·377 | 0·53 | 0·96, 2·45 | 0·075 | 1·89 | 1·53, 2·33 | 0·000 |
| Richest | 2·37 | 1·65, 3·39 | 0·000 | 1·81 | 1·10, 2·96 | 0·019 | 1·98 | 1·58, 2·47 | 0·000 |
| Residence | |||||||||
| Rural | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| Urban | 1·43 | 1·10, 1·88 | 0·008 | 1·69 | 1·18, 2·42 | 0·004 | 1·66 | 1·45, 1·90 | 0·000 |
| Geographical region† | |||||||||
| Region 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| Region 2 | 0·31 | 0·18, 0·53 | 0·000 | 1·24 | 0·74, 2·09 | 0·415 | 0·97 | 0·81, 1·16 | 0·728 |
| Region 3 | 0·38 | 0·22, 0·65 | 0·000 | 0·72 | 0·43, 1·21 | 0·220 | 0·63 | 0·49, 0·80 | 0·000 |
| Region 4 | 0·33 | 0·18, 0·60 | 0·000 | 0·65 | 0·37, 1·14 | 0·131 | 0·83 | 0·67, 1·03 | 0·092 |
| Region 5 | 0·28 | 0·16, 0·48 | 0·000 | 0·81 | 0·49, 1·34 | 0·417 | 0·55 | 0·46, 0·67 | 0·000 |
| Region 6 | – | – | – | 2·26 | 1·38, 3·71 | 0·000 | 0·55 | 0·41, 0·73 | 0·000 |
| Region 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0·56 | 0·41, 0·77 | 0·000 |
| Child | |||||||||
| Age (months) | |||||||||
| 6–11 | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| 12–17 | 3·29 | 2·59, 4·18 | 0·000 | 3·28 | 2·22, 4·84 | 0·000 | 3·21 | 2·77, 3·72 | 0·000 |
| 18–23 | 3·38 | 2·60, 4·40 | 0·000 | 4·51 | 2·98, 6·84 | 0·000 | 4·74 | 4·05, 5·56 | 0·000 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| Female | 0·96 | 0·80, 1·16 | 0·698 | 0·70 | 0·52, 0·93 | 0·013 | 1·00 | 0·88, 1·13 | 0·999 |
| Breast-feeding status | |||||||||
| Not currently breast-fed | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| Currently breast-fed | 0·73 | 0·58, 0·92 | 0·009 | 0·61 | 0·42, 0·89 | 0·010 | 0·49 | 0·42, 0·56 | 0·000 |
| Morbidity | |||||||||
| No symptoms | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| At least one symptom | 0·83 | 0·69, 1·01 | 0·065 | 1·15 | 0·86, 1·54 | 0·355 | 1·25 | 1·10, 1·42 | 0·000 |
| Birth interval (months) | |||||||||
| No previous birth | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| <24 | 0·60 | 0·40, 0·89 | 0·011 | 0·54 | 0·30, 1·00 | 0·048 | 0·94 | 0·72, 1·23 | 0·656 |
| ≥24 | 0·76 | 0·60, 0·97 | 0·025 | 0·70 | 0·49, 0·98 | 0·041 | 0·83 | 0·71, 0·98 | 0·032 |
| Maternal | |||||||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 35–49 | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| 25–34 | 0·96 | 0·70, 1·30 | 0·773 | 0·57 | 0·40, 0·82 | 0·002 | 0·84 | 0·71, 1·00 | 0·044 |
| 15–24 | 0·69 | 0·48, 0·98 | 0·039 | 0·50 | 0·32, 0·80 | 0·003 | 0·73 | 0·58, 0·90 | 0·004 |
| Exposure to media | |||||||||
| Frequent | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – | 1·00 | Ref. | – |
| Moderate | 0·70 | 0·56, 0·89 | 0·004 | 0·90 | 0·65, 1·26 | 0·544 | 1·47 | 1·26, 1·72 | 0·000 |
| Limited | 0·60 | 0·46, 0·79 | 0·000 | 0·74 | 0·49, 1·11 | 0·147 | 1·58 | 1·34, 1·85 | 0·000 |