Table 1.

Chemical structures of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides

Type	Name	R1 (C-3)	R2 (C-20)
PPD (16 types)	Malnonylginsenoside Rb1 Malnonylginsenoside Rb2 Malnonylginsenoside Rc Malnonylginsenoside Rd Ginsenoside Ra1 Ginsenoside Ra2 Ginsenoside Ra3 Ginsenoside Rb1 Ginsenoside Rb2 Ginsenoside Rb3 Ginsenoside Rc Ginsenoside Rd Notoginsenoside R4 Koryoginsenoside R2 Neoginsenoside L1 Neoginsenoside L2	-glu-glu-mal -glu-glu-mal -glu-glu-mal -glu-glu-mal -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu	-glu-glu- -glu-ara(pyr) -glu-ara(fur) -glu -glu-ara(pyr)-xyl -glu-ara(fur)-xyl -glu-glu-xylose -glu-glu -glu-ara(pyr) -glu-xyl -glu-ara(fur) -glu -glu-glu-xyl -glu-glu (C-25 OH) −12β-O-20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 −12β-O-20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3
Processed PPD (11 types)	Ginsenoside Rg3(S,R) Ginsenoside Rh2(S) Ginsenoside Rg5 Ginsenoside Rk1 Ginsenoside Rz1 Ginsenoside Rs1 Ginsenoside Rs2 Ginsenoside Rs3 Ginsenoside Rs4 Quinquenoside R1	-glu-glu -glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu -glu-glu-ac -glu-glu-ac -glu-glu-ac -glu-glu-ac -glu-glu-ac or -glu-glu	-H -H -H (E)C20/22 double bond -H C20/21 double bond -H (Z)C20/22 double bond -glu-ara(pyr) -glu-ara(fur) -OH -H (E)C20/22 double bond -glu-glu or -glu-glu-ac

glu, β-D-glucopyranosyl; mal, malonyl; ara(pyr), α-L-arabinopyranosyl; ara(fur), α-L-arabinofuranosyl; xyl, β-D-xylopyranosyl; ac, acetyl.