Fig. 3.

Activities of iNOS, NO levels, TNF-α levels, and HO-1 expression. (A)Activity of iNOS in the livers. (B) NO levels in the livers. (C) Serum TNF-α protein expression. (D) Hepatic HO-1 protein expression. Liver samples were collected from different groups. The sample number in each group is 9 (n = 9). Data represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 compared with control. ***p < 0.005 compared with control. ^#p < 0.05 compared with G/L. ^##p < 0.01 compared with G/L. ^###p < 0.001 compared with G/L. GBE, P. ginseng berry extract; G/L, D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide; HO-1, hemeoxygenase-1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NO, nitric oxide; SEM, standard error of the mean; Sil, silymarin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; UGBE, ultrasonication-processed P. ginseng berry extract.